Methods and apparatus for cable network power management

ABSTRACT

The presentation invention relates to methods and apparatus for managing cable network power consumption. An exemplary method in accordance with one embodiment includes the steps of: receiving, by a cable modem positioned between a cable modem termination system (CMTS) and a wireless base station, CMTS buffer information; receiving, by the cable modem, wireless base station buffer information; switching, by the cable modem, from a first mode of operation to a second mode of operation after performing one or both of: (i) transmitting uplink data to the CMTS, and (ii) transmitting downlink data to the wireless base station, the second mode of operation being a power savings modem of operation; remaining in the power savings mode of operation for a first time period, the first time period being based on at least one of said CMTS buffer information or said wireless base station buffer information.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 17/383,823 filed on Jul. 23, 2021 which is hereby expresslyincorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for powermanagement in cable networks. The present invention is also directed toimplementing power saving methods and apparatus in cable systems, e.g.,Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) networks.Various features of the present invention relate to methods andapparatus for efficiently utilizing power in cable modems. The presentinvention is also related to saving and/or conserving power in cablemodems of cable systems wherein the cable modems are connected to and,in some instances are, powering wireless base stations. The presentinvention is also related to methods and apparatus for storing and/orbuffering data in cable modems in efficient manner allowing for theconservation of power utilization by the cable modems.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Power consumption in cable networks, such as for example DOCSISnetworks, is very crucial for network design and operation since ifthere is no power available in a certain region, the service providercan not operate the cable network in that region. Also, if the serviceprovider has limited power plant capability in a particular region, thenthe service provider cannot operate too many cable modems in that regionwhen the service provider is supplying the power to operate the cablemodem. Thus, the management and distribution of available power amongcable modems in cable networks is one of the technological problems andissues that service providers face. With the introduction of new 5Gnetworks and 5G wireless networks, e.g., 5G CBRS networks, powerconsumption has increased. Upgrading power plants to handle increasedloads is extremely expensive. Furthermore, the service providers areconstantly looking for ways to more efficiently and effectively manageand utilize power in their networks to save costs associated with theexpenditure of energy.

From the above it should be understood that there is a need for newand/or improved methods and apparatus for managing power effectively andefficiently in cable networks. Furthermore, there is a need for atechnology solution to how to manage and distribute power so as to beable to increase the power consumption of the network without upgradingthe power plant supply the cable networks power in a region that haslimited power availability. There is a further need for new and/orimproved methods and apparatus for minimizing power consumption by cablemodems. There is a further need for new and/or improved methods andapparatus for operating cable modems in a more effective and efficientmanner so that the cable modems utilize power for essential tasks andminimize or eliminate the use of power for other non-essential tasks.There is an additional need for new and/or improved methods andapparatus to more efficiently and effectively manage and utilize powerin cable networks to save costs associated with the expenditure ofenergy. There is a further need for new and improved methods andapparatus to conserve power in cable systems. There is a further needfor new and/or improved methods and apparatus for increasing powerefficiency in legacy cable modem devices and cable systems.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Some service providers which operate both wireless and wired networksuse a strand based deployment model for at least a portion of theirwireless base stations. In the strand based deployment model, theservice provider places or connects one or more of its wireless basestations, e.g., Citizen Broadband Radio Service Devices (CBSDs) in aCitizen Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) network, to the serviceprovider's cable strand to provide services, e.g., 5G services, to itssubscribers. Each of the wireless base stations, e.g., CBSDs, isconnected to a separate cable modem (CM) and each of the separate cablemodems is in turn connected to a cable modem termination system (CMTS).The cable modem termination system is a server residing in the serviceprovider's data center. The cable modem termination system is connectedto the service provider's core network, e.g., a 5G core network. Thecable modem termination system receives data from core network elementsand/or devices and will schedule and send this data to the wireless basestations, e.g., CBSDs, via the cable modems to which the CBSDs areconnected. The cable modern termination system has a buffer for eachcable modem which is attached to it. The cable modern termination systemdoes not have any information about the wireless base stations, e.g.,CBSDs, or other users that are connected to the CBSD.

As discussed above, power consumption in cable networks, such as forexample DOCSIS networks, is very crucial for network design andoperation since if there is no power available in a certain region, theservice provider can not operate the cable network in that region. Also,if the service provider has limited power plant capability in aparticular region, then the service provider cannot operate too manycable moderns in that region. Thus, the management and distribution ofavailable power among cable modems in cable networks is one of thetechnological problems and issues that service providers face. With theintroduction of new 5G networks and 5G wireless networks, e.g., 5G CBRSnetworks, power consumption has increased. Upgrading power plants tohandle increased loads is extremely expensive. Furthermore, the serviceproviders are constantly looking for ways to more efficiently andeffectively manage and utilize power in their networks to save costsassociated with the expenditure of energy.

The present invention provides new and/or improved methods and apparatusfor power management in cable networks. The present invention is alsodirected to implementing new and/or improved power savings and/orconservation methods and apparatus in cable systems, e.g., Data OverCable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) networks. Variousfeatures of the present invention relate to methods and apparatus forefficiently managing and utilizing power in cable modems. The presentinvention is also related to saving and/or conserving power in cablemodems of cable systems wherein the cable modems are connected to and,in some instances are, powering wireless base stations. The presentinvention is also directed to new and/or improved methods and apparatusfor managing, storing and/or buffering data in cable modems in efficientmanner allowing for the conservation of power utilization by the cablemodems. Various embodiments of the present invention solve one or moreof the problems discussed above.

In explaining the various features of the invention they will sometimesbe discussed in the context of examples where the wireless base stationsare CBSD devices in a CBRS network connected to a cable modem which isconnected to a core network. However, such examples are to facilitateunderstanding of the invention and it should be appreciated that themethods and apparatus are not limited to CBRS embodiments, wireless basestations which are CBSDs.

An exemplary communications method in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present invention includes the steps of: receiving, by a cable modempositioned between a cable modem termination system and a wireless basestation, cable modem termination system buffer information; receiving,by the cable modem, wireless base station buffer information; switching,by the cable modem, from a first mode of operation to a second mode ofoperation after performing one or both of: (i) transmitting uplink datato the cable modem termination system, and (ii) transmitting downlinkdata to the wireless base station, said second mode of operation being apower savings modem of operation; and remaining in said power savingsmode of operation for a first time period, said first time period beingbased on at least one of said cable modem termination system bufferinformation or said wireless base station buffer information. In someembodiments, the wireless base station is part of a wireless networkoperated by a first service provider. In some embodiments, the cablemodem is part of a cable network operated by the first service provider.In some embodiments, the cable modem termination system is part of thecable network operated by the first service provider. In variousembodiments, the wireless base station is a Citizens Broadband ServiceDevice (CBSD) and the wireless network is a Citizens Broadband RadioService (CBRS) network.

In various embodiments, the cable modem is powered by the cable modemtermination system. In many embodiments, the wireless base station ispowered by the cable modem termination system via the cable modem.

In some embodiments, the method further includes the step of: receivingpower by the cable modem from the cable modem termination system over afirst cable connecting the cable modem termination system and the cablemodem, said first cable also being used for communicating messagesbetween the cable modem termination system and the cable modem.

In some embodiments, the method further includes the step of: providingpower by the cable modem to the wireless base station over a secondcable connecting the cable modem to the wireless base station, saidsecond cable also being used for communicating messages between thecable modem and the wireless base station.

In various embodiments, the power is provided by the cable modemtermination system to the cable modem using Power over Ethernet. In someembodiments, the power is provided by the cable modem to the wirelessbase station using power over Ethernet.

In some embodiments, the cable modem termination system bufferinformation includes a first downlink buffer size value expressed as anamount of time (e.g., an amount of time it takes for the cable modemtermination system downlink buffer for the cable modem to fill up to itscapacity); and the wireless base station buffer information includes afirst uplink buffer size value expressed as an amount of time (e.g., anamount of time it takes for the wireless base station uplink buffer tofill up to its capacity).

In some embodiments, the method further includes the steps of:receiving, by the cable modem, while said cable modem is in said firstmode of operation downlink data from the cable modem termination system;storing the received downlink data at the cable modem in a cable modemdownlink buffer; receiving, by the cable modem, while said cable mode isin said first mode of operation uplink data from the wireless basestation; storing the received uplink data at the cable modem in a cablemodem uplink buffer; and waiting until at least one of the followingoccurs: (i) the amount of data in the cable modem uplink buffer reachesa first threshold value, or (ii) the amount of data in the cable modemdownlink buffer reaches a second threshold value, before transmittingeither the stored downlink data or the stored uplink data.

In some embodiments, the first threshold value is an amount wherein 100%of all buffer entries in the cable modem uplink buffer are occupied(i.e., the buffer is full). In some other embodiments, the firstthreshold value is an amount less than 100% of all buffer entries in thecable modem uplink buffer being occupied.

In some embodiments, the second threshold value is an amount wherein100% of all buffer entries in the cable modem downlink buffer areoccupied (i.e., the buffer is full). In some embodiments, the secondthreshold value is an amount less than 100% of all buffer entries in thecable modem uplink buffer being occupied (e.g., the buffer is full andreceipt of additional data will cause it to overflow). necessary).

In some embodiments, the method further includes that upon switching tosaid power savings mode of operation, turning off power by said cablemodem to one or more cable modem transmitters included in said cablemodem and turning off power by said cable modem to one or more cablemodem receivers included in said cable modem.

In various embodiments, the switching, by the cable modem, from thefirst mode of operation to the second mode of operation occurs afterperforming both of: (i) transmitting uplink data to the cable modemtermination system, and (ii) transmitting downlink data to the wirelessbase station, said second mode of operation being a power savings modemof operation.

In most embodiments, the turning off power by said cable modem to one ormore cable modem transmitters included in said cable modem includesturning off power to all transmitters included in said cable modem; andthe turning off power by said cable modem to one or more cable modemreceivers included in said cable modem includes turning off power to allreceivers included in said cable modem. In some embodiments wherein thecable modem uses a transceiver the cable modem turns off power to thetransceiver.

In various embodiments, the method further includes that prior toturning off said one or more cable modem transmitters, (i) transmittingby the cable modem a first message to the wireless base stationindicating that data is not to be sent by the wireless base station tothe cable modem; and (ii) transmitting a second message to the cablemodem termination system indicating that data is not to be sent by thecable modem termination system to the cable modem.

The method in various embodiments further includes that after the cablemodem has remained in the power savings mode of operation for the firsttime period, switching by the cable modem from the power savings mode ofoperation back to the first mode of operation.

In some embodiments, the method further includes the step of: setting,by the cable modem, a power saving timer to expire after a first timevalue equal to said first time period prior to or upon entering saidpower saving mode of operation. The expiration of said power savingtimer in various embodiments causes the cable modem to switch from saidpower saving mode of operation to the first mode of operation.

In some embodiments, upon switching from power savings mode of operationto said first mode of operation, the method further includes: turningpower on to: (i) the one or more cable modem transmitters for whichpower was turned off, and (ii) the one or more cable mode receivers forwhich the power was turned off.

In some embodiments, after turning on power to the one or moretransmitters and one or more receivers, the method includes transmittinga message to the cable modem termination system indicating the cablemodem termination system is to send data to the cable modem and alsotransmitting a message to the wireless base station indicating thewireless base station is to send data to the cable modem.

In some embodiments, the method further includes the step of:determining, by the cable modem, the first time period based on at leastone of the wireless base station buffer information or the cable modemtermination system buffer information. In some such embodiments, thestep of determining, by the cable modem, the first time period based onat least one of the wireless base station buffer information or thecable modem termination system buffer information includes: determining,by the cable modem, the first time period to be less than the smallerof: (i) an amount of time for a wireless base station uplink buffer usedfor storing uplink data to be transmitted to the cable modem to fill upor reach its capacity or (ii) an amount of time for the cable modemtermination system downlink buffer used for storing downlink data to betransmitted to the cable modem to fill up or reach its capacity.

The present invention is also applicable to apparatus and systemembodiments wherein one or more devices implement the steps of themethod embodiments. In some apparatus embodiments each of the cablemodems, cable modem termination systems, wireless base stations, CBSDs,user equipment devices, mobile terminals, cable modem termination systempower management devices, resource allocation management devices, SASdevices, and each of the other apparatus/devices/nodes of the systeminclude one or more processors and/or hardware circuitry, input/outputinterfaces including receivers and transmitters, and a memory. Thememory including instructions when executed by one or more of theprocessors control the apparatus/device of the system to operate toperform the steps and/or functions of various method embodiments of theinvention.

The present invention is also applicable to and includes apparatus andsystems such as for example, apparatus and systems that implement thesteps and/or functions of the method embodiments. For example, acommunication system in accordance with one embodiment of the presentinvention includes a cable modem including: a memory including uplinkand downlink buffers, and a processor that controls the cable modem toperform the following operations: receiving cable modem terminationsystem buffer information, said cable modem being positioned between acable modem termination system and a wireless base station; receivingwireless base station buffer information; switching from a first mode ofoperation to a second mode of operation after performing one or both of:(i) transmitting uplink data to the cable modem termination system, and(ii) transmitting downlink data to the wireless base station, saidsecond mode of operation being a power savings modem of operation;remaining in said power savings mode of operation for a first timeperiod, said first time period being based on at least one of said cablemodem termination system buffer information or said wireless basestation buffer information.

The present invention is also directed to non-transitory computerreadable medium embodiments. In an exemplary non-transitory computerreadable medium, the non-transitory computer readable medium includes afirst set of computer executable instructions which when executed by aprocessor of a cable modem cause the cable modem to perform the stepsof: receiving cable modem termination system buffer information, saidcable modem being positioned between a cable modem termination systemand a wireless base station; receiving wireless base station bufferinformation; switching from a first mode of operation to a second modeof operation after performing one or both of: (i) transmitting uplinkdata to the cable modem termination system, and (ii) transmittingdownlink data to the wireless base station, said second mode ofoperation being a power savings modem of operation; remaining in saidpower savings mode of operation for a first time period, said first timeperiod being based on at least one of said cable modem terminationsystem buffer information or said wireless base station bufferinformation.

While various embodiments have been discussed in the summary above, itshould be appreciated that not necessarily all embodiments include thesame features and some of the features described above are not necessarybut can be desirable in some embodiments. Numerous additional features,embodiments and benefits of various embodiments are discussed in thedetailed description which follows.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary system in accordance with one embodimentof the present invention.

FIG. 2 illustrates details of an exemplary cable modem in accordancewith one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 illustrates the combination of FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D.

FIG. 3A illustrates the steps of the first part of an exemplary methodin accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3B illustrates the steps of the second part of an exemplary methodin accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3C illustrates the steps of the third part of an exemplary methodin accordance with one embodiment of the present

FIG. 3D illustrates the steps of the fourth part of an exemplary methodin accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 illustrates details of an exemplary wireless base station (e.g.,Citizens Broadband Radio Service Device (CBSD) in accordance with oneembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 illustrates details of an exemplary User Equipment (UE) device inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 illustrates details of an exemplary cable modem terminationsystem in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary assembly of components for a wirelessbase station (e.g., CBSD) in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary assembly of components for a userequipment device in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary assembly of components for a cable modemtermination system in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 10 illustrates the combination of FIGS. 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, and10E.

FIG. 10A illustrates the steps of the first part of an exemplary methodin accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10B illustrates the steps of the second part of an exemplary methodin accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10C illustrates the steps of the third part of an exemplary methodin accordance with one embodiment of the present

FIG. 10D illustrates the steps of the fourth part of an exemplary methodin accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10E illustrates the steps of the fifth part of an exemplary methodin accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 illustrates details of an exemplary assembly of components for acable modem in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The current invention is applicable to cable systems which employ cablemodem termination systems which power cable modems. The currentinvention is also applicable to service providers which operate bothwireless and wired networks that use a strand based deployment model forat least a portion of their wireless base stations. In the strand baseddeployment model, the service provider places or connects one or more ofits wireless base stations, e.g., Broadband Radio Service Devices(CBSDs) in a Citizen Broadband Radio Service (CBIS) network, to theservice provider's cable strand to provide services, e.g., 5G services,to its subscribers. Each of the wireless base stations, e.g., CBSDs, isconnected to a separate cable modem (CM) and each of the separate cablemodems is in turn connected to a cable modem termination system (CMTS).The cable modem termination system is a server residing in the serviceprovider's data center. The cable modem termination system is connectedto the service provider's core network, e.g., a 5G core network. Thecable modem termination system receives data from core network elementsand/or devices and will schedule and send this data to the wireless basestations, e.g., CBSDs, via the cable modems to which the CBSDs areconnected. The cable modem termination system has a buffer for eachcable modern which is attached to it. The cable modem termination systemdoes not have any information about the wireless base stations, e.g.,CBSDs, or other users that are connected to the CBSD. The cable modemtermination system provides power to the cable modem to which it isconnected. The cable modern in turn provides power to the wireless basestation, e.g., CBSD, which is connected to it.

The current invention is applicable to communications networks/systemssuch as for example, cable systems to which wireless base stations,e.g., CBSDs of Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) networks, gNBs of5G networks, are connected via cable modems. The present inventionrelates to methods, systems and apparatus for power management in cablenetworks. Various features of the present invention relate to methodsand apparatus for managing power distribution to cable modems and/orwireless base stations in cable networks. The present invention is alsodirected to implementing power saving methods and apparatus in cablesystems, e.g., Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS)networks. The present invention is also related to conserving and/orsaving power in cable modems of cable systems.

For explanatory purposes various features of the current invention willbe explained using CBRS wireless network. However, as also explainedabove a CBRS wireless network is merely an exemplary wireless network inwhich the invention may be implemented.

Citizens Broadband Radio Service networks are networks that include userequipment devices, e.g., mobile or wireless devices such as for examplecell phones, smart phones, laptops, tablets, Citizens Broadband RadioService Devices (CBSDs) which serve as access points/base stations, andSpectrum Access Systems which are resource allocation management devicesthat provide spectrum assignments and manage frequency interferencethrough power management of the wireless base stations (CBSDs)transmission power. The Citizens Broadband Radio Service networkutilizes 150 megahetz in the 3550-3700 MHz band referred to as the 3.5GHz Band. One important aspect of the CBRS network is the limitation ofinterference, e.g., radio transmission, from multiple transmissionsources, e.g., multiple CBSD devices located near each other or in closeproximity to one another. The CBRS network includes resource allocationmanagement devices referred to as Spectrum Access Systems that obtaininformation about registered or licensed commercial users in the 3.5 GHzband from FCC databases and information about federal incumbent users ofthe band from ESC (Environmental Sensing Capability) system and interactdirectly or indirectly with CBSDs operating in the band to ensure thatCitizens Broadband Radio Service users operate in a manner consistentwith their authorizations and promote efficient use of the spectrumresource. Among the Spectrum Access System functions as defined in theAmendment of the Commission's Rules with Regard to Commercial Operationsin the 3550-3650 MHz Band released Apr. 21, 2015 are that: it determinesthe available frequencies at a given geographic location and assign themto CBSDs; it determines the maximum permissible transmission power levelfor CBSDs at a given location and communicates that information to theCBSDs; it registers and authenticates the identification information andlocation of CBSDs; it enforces exclusion and protection zones, includingany future changes to such Zones, to ensure compatibility betweenCitizens Broadband Radio Service users and incumbent federal operations;it protects Priority Access Licensees (PAL) from impermissibleinterference from other Citizens Broadband Radio Service users such asthe General Authorized Access users; ensures secure and reliabletransmission of information between the SAS, ESC, and CBSDs; and itfacilitates coordination and information exchange between SASs. Throughthe management of the CBSDs power transmission levels in a geographicalarea the SAS manages the radio interference in the geographical area.

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary communications system 100 having anarchitecture implemented in accordance with the present invention. Thisexemplary communications system includes a 5G Citizens Broadband RadioService wireless network, a core network and a cable network whichcouples at least some of the wireless base stations of the CBRS networkto the core network. In the exemplary embodiment, a first serviceprovider or operator operates and/or owns the cable network, the CBRSwireless network and the core network. The communications system 100includes a plurality of wireless base stations (WBS 1 (e.g., CitizensBroadband Radio Service Device (CBSD) 1 102, . . . , WBS Y (e.g., CBSDY) 112, a resource allocation management device (RAMD 1) (e.g., SpectrumAccess System device 1 (SAS 1) 126, a RAMD 2 (e.g., SAS 2) 128,databases of commercial users/licenses (e.g., an FCC Database) 103, anEnvironmental Sensing Capability (e.g., Federal Incumbent Use) (ESC)system 105, a plurality of user equipment (UE) devices UE 1A 106, UE 1B108, . . . , UE 1N 110, UE YA 116, UE YB 118, . . . , UE YN 120, CableModem (CM) 1 104, . . . , Cable Modem Y 114, Cable Modem TerminationSystem (CMTS) 1 122, Cable Modem Termination System 124, Cable ModemManagement Device 152, Policy Control Function Device 154,communications links 148, 149, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164, . . . , 166,168, 170, 172, 174, . . . , 176, 178, 181, 182, 184, 190, 192, a firstcell 111 illustrating the first base station 102's coverage area, asecond cell 121 illustrating the second base station 112's coveragearea.

The first cell 111 of the network is serviced by the WBS 1 (e.g., CBSD1) 102. The first cell 111 illustrates the wireless coverage range ofWBS 1 (e.g., CBSD 1) 102 at a first time T1. The user equipment devicesalso sometimes referred to as user terminal devices UE 1A 106, UE 1B108, . . . , UE 1N 110 are located in the first cell 111 and are inactive wireless communications with WBS 1 (e.g., CBSD 1) 102.Communications links 162, 164, and 166 illustrate wirelesscommunications channels, e.g., radio channels, over which WBS 1 (e.g.,CBSD 1) 102 and UE 1A 106, UE 1B 108, . . . , UE 1N 110 communicaterespectively.

The second cell 121 of the wireless network is serviced by WBS 2 (e.g.,CBSD 2) 112. The second cell 121 illustrates the wireless coverage rangeof WBS 2 (e.g., CBSD 2) 112 at the first time T1. The user equipmentdevices UE YA 116, UE YB 118, . . . , UE YN 120, (Y being an integergreater than 1) are located in the second cell 121 and are incommunication with WBS 2 (e.g., CBSD 2) 112. Communications links 172,174, . . . , 176 illustrate wireless communications channels, e.g.,radio channels, over which WBS 2 (e.g., CBSD 2) 112 and UE YA 116, UE YB116, . . . , UE YN 1260 communicate respectively.

Resource Allocation Management Device (RAMD) 1 (e.g., SAS 1) 126 iscoupled to Resource Allocation Management Device (RAMD) 2 (e.g., SAS 2)128 via communications link 178. RAMD 1 (e.g., SAS 1) 126 is coupled todatabases 103 via communications link 180. RAMD 2 (e.g., SAS 2) 128 iscoupled to databases 103 via communications link 181. ESC system 105 iscoupled to RAMD 1 (e.g., SAS 1) 126 and RAMD 2 (e.g., SAS 2) 128 viacommunications links 182 and 184. The ESC system is used to detect,sense Navy radar operations in the wireless bands utilized forcommunications in the wireless network, e.g., in CBRS networks the ESCdetects or senses Navy radar operation within 3550-3650 MHz near thecoasts, and provide notifications over the communications links to RAMD1 (e.g., SAS 1) 126 and RAMD 2 (e.g., SAS 2) 128. RAMD 1 (e.g., SAS 1)126 manages the WBS 1 (e.g., CBSD 1) 102 and WBS 2 (e.g., CBSD 2) 112spectrum allocation and transmission power to limit interference in thewireless network (e.g., CBRS wireless network). RAMD 2 (e.g., SAS 2) 128manages other wireless base stations (e.g., CBSDs) in the wirelessnetwork which are not shown in FIG. 1 . Resource Allocation ManagementDevice 1 (e.g., SAS 1) 126 and Resource Allocation Management Device 2(e.g., SAS 2) 128 communicate and share information regarding thewireless network coverage of the wireless base stations (e.g., CBSDs)each respectively manage and coordinate management of the allocation ofspectrum and power transmission levels of wireless base stations (e.g.,CBSDs) throughout the wireless network. While only two ResourceAllocation Management Devices (e.g., SAS devices) are shown in FIG. 1 itshould be understood that additional Resource Allocation ManagementDevices (e.g., SAS devices) are typically used in the wireless network(e.g., CBRS network). The WBS 1 102, and WBS Y 112 coupled and/orconnected to the RAMD 1 126 via the 1st service provider core network150. The RAMD 1 126 is coupled to the first service provider's corenetwork 150 via communications link 149. The WBS 1 102 is coupled and/orconnected to the RAMD 1 126 via communications link 190. WBSD 2 112 iscoupled and/or connected to RAMS 1 128 via communications link 192.

WBS 1 102 is coupled and/or connected to cable modem 104 viacommunications link 160. The cable modem 1 104 is coupled and/orconnected to the cable modem termination system 1 122 via communicationslink 168. The cable modem termination system 1 122 is coupled and/orconnected to the first service provider core network 150 viacommunications link 156. The WBS 1 102 communicates with the devices inthe first service provider core network 150 via cable modem 104 and CMTS1 122.

WBS Y 112 is coupled and/or connected to cable modem CM Y 114 viacommunications link 170. Cable Modem Y 114 is coupled and/or connectedto the cable modem termination system 1 122 via communications link 148.The cable modem termination system 1 122 is coupled and/or connected tothe first service provider core network 150 via communications link 156.The WBS Y 112 communicates with the devices in the first serviceprovider core network 150 via the cable modem Y 114 and CMTS 1 122.

WBS 1 102, WBS Y 112, CM 1 104, CM Y 114, CMTS 1 122 and CMTS 2 124 areowned and/or operated by the first service provider.

The nodes, devices and elements of the first service providers corenetwork 150 are interconnected via a communications network includingcommunications links which allow the various nodes, devices and elementsof the first service providers core network 150 to communicate andexchange information and data.

The first service provider's core network 150 in this exemplaryembodiment is a 5G network including a cable modem termination systempower management device 152 and a policy control function device 154.The 5G network core typically also includes a session managementfunction device or node, security gateway function device or node, anaccess and mobility management function (AMF) device and a user planefunction (UPF) device. The cable modem termination system powermanagement device 152 is connected and/or coupled to a power plantsystem that controls the management, supply and/or distribution of powerfor the cable modem system. The cable modem termination system powermanagement device 152 instructs the CMTS devices in specific regions onwhether it needs to reduce power. In some embodiments, the CMTS powermanagement device 152 is not located in the core network of the firstservice provider but is instead coupled and/or connected to the corenetwork of the first service provider.

CMTS 2 124 coupled to the core network via communications link 158. CMTS1 and CMTS 2 may be, and in some embodiments are, included in a cablehead end system of first service provider.

The cable modems 1 104 and cable modem Y 114 may be, and in someembodiments are DOCSIS compliant cable modems, e.g., DOCSIS 3.0, 3.1,4.0 compliant cable modems.

The communications links 148, 149, 156, 158, 160, 168, 170, 178, 180,181, 182, 183, 190, and 192 as well as the communications links couplingtogether the elements of the core network 150 are typically wiredcommunications links or fiber optic cables. The communications links162, 164, . . . , 166, 172, 174, . . . , 176 are wireless or over theair communications links. It is to be understood that the communicationlinks shown in system 100 are only exemplary and other networkconfigurations and communications links may be employed that coupletogether the devices, servers, nodes, entities, databases andcontrollers of the system. Elements or steps with the same referencenumbers used in different figures are the same or similar and thoseelements or steps will not be described in detail again.

While for the sake of simplicity in explaining the invention system 100only illustrates two active wireless base stations (e.g., CBSD devices),two cable modems, two CMTS devices, two Resource Allocation ManagementDevices (e.g., SAS devices) and a few UE devices, it will be appreciatedthat system 100 typically includes a large plurality of active wirelessbase stations (e.g., CBSDs) in the wireless network supporting a largeplurality of UE devices with a large number of the plurality of activewireless base stations being coupled to the core network via a cablemodem and CMTS. The cable system includes a large plurality of cablemodem termination systems each coupled to a large plurality of cablemodems which may be either connected to a single wireless base station,e.g., CBSD, or another device or devices. The CMTS devices are typicallylocated in the service provider's cable head end and provide high speeddata service connections.

The Cable Modem Termination System powers up the cable modems connectedto it through the communications link which connects the cable modemtermination system to the cable modem. The communications link forexample may be, and in some embodiments is, an Ethernet cable. The CableModem Termination System also powers the wireless base station, e.g.,CBSD, which is connected to the cable modem termination system via thecable modem. That is the Cable Modem Termination System first powers upthe cable modem which in turn provides power to the wireless basestation, e.g., CBSD. The power passing through the cable modem andcommunications link connecting the wireless base station and the cablemodem. In some embodiments, the communications link coupling the cablemodem to the wireless base station is an Ethernet cable.

The cable modems are located on the cable strands to provide theconnection to the wireless base stations, e.g., a DOCSIS connection toCBSDs in a CBRS system.

The first service provider will also operate one or more power plants.Each power plant is the power house which provides power for all CableModem Termination Systems in the network. Power plants are local powerresources that are responsible for the provisioning and distribution ofpower for all Cable Modem Termination Systems and Cable Modems (throughthe CMTSs) running in the local region for which the power plant issupplying power. Cables through which power is supplied run from thepower plant to Cable Modem Termination Systems.

FIG. 2 is a drawing of an exemplary cable modem such as a cable modem 1104 of system 100. The cable modem 200 includes a plurality of networkinterfaces 1 205, . . . , network interface N 290, e.g., each being awired or optical interface, a processor(s) 206 (e.g., one or moreprocessors), e.g., a CPU, an assembly of hardware components 208, e.g.,an assembly of circuits, and I/O interface 210 and memory 212 coupledtogether via a bus 209 over which the various elements may interchangedata and information. The cable modem 200 further includes a speaker252, a display 254, switches 256, keypad 258 and mouse 259 coupled toI/O interface 210, via which the various I/O devices (252, 254, 256,258, 259) may communicate with other elements (206, 208, 212) of thecable modem 200. Network interface 205 includes a receiver 278 and atransmitter 280. Network interface 290 includes receiver 299 andtransmitter 296. In some embodiments, network interfaces 205 and/or 290includes multiple receivers and transmitters. The network interfaces 205and 290 are used to communicate with other devices, e.g., wireless basestation and/or cable modem termination system. In some embodiments,receiver 278 and transmitter 280 are part of a transceiver 284. In someembodiments, receiver 294 and transmitter 296 are part of a transceiver292. Memory 212 includes an assembly of component 214, e.g., an assemblyof software components, and data/information 216. Data/information 216typically includes, among other things, cable modem uplink buffer 230,cable modem downlink buffer 232, cable modem termination system bufferinformation 234, wireless base station buffer information 236 and powersavings time value 238. In some embodiments, the cable modems disclosedin the figures and/or discussed in connection with the variousembodiments of the invention are implemented in accordance with cablemodem 200. For example, cable modem 1 (e.g., CM 1 104), . . . , cablemodem Y (CM Y 114) of FIG. 1 are implemented in accordance with cablemodem 200.

The steps of an exemplary method in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention will now be discussed. A wireless base station (e.g.,CBSD 1 102 of system 100) turns on and connects with a cable modem(e.g., CM 1 104 of system 100). The cable modem is connected to andpowered by a cable modem termination system (e.g., CMTS 1 122 of system100). The cable modem is positioned between the wireless base stationand the cable modem termination system. The wireless base stationconnects to its service providers core network via the cable modem andcable modem termination system. The cable modem termination system beingconnected to the core network. The CBSD connects with a Spectrum AccessSystem (e.g., SAS 1 126 of system 100). The Spectrum Access Systemgrants spectrum to the CBSD for use in communicating with and providingservices to user equipment devices (e.g., UE 1A 106, UE 1B 108, . . . ,UE 1N 110 of system 100). The user equipment devices connect to the CBSDand begin requesting downlink data and also start sending data uplink.The cable modem creates a downlink data buffer for the traffic that willbe sent to the CBSD and an uplink data buffer for the traffic that willbe sent to the CMTS. The cable modem checks the cable modem buffer sizein the created cable modem downlink buffer and the buffer size in thecreated cable modem uplink buffer and calculates the amount of powerconsumed to send data when the downlink buffer is fully occupied. The CMalso calculates the amount of power consumed to send its data when thecreated cable modem uplink buffer is fully occupied.

The cable modem receives uplink data from the CBSD and downlink datafrom the cable modem termination system. Before sending packets, e.g.,data packets, one by one over the communications links to the cablemodem termination system and the CBSD, the cable modem waits for anopportunity to send data when its uplink and downlink buffers are bothfull are nearly full. For example, the cable modem will keep bufferingtraffic sent in the uplink by the CBSD and the cable modem will keepbuffering traffic sent in the downlink by the cable modem terminationsystem. The cable modem will not send any data to the CBSD in thedownlink and will not send any data to the CMTS in the uplink till thecable modem downlink and cable modem uplink buffers are full, or nearlyfull. The cable modem will compare the amount of data in the downlinkand uplink data buffers and if the buffers are full, the cable modemwill send “Do not send data” message to CBSD and CMTS. When the CBSDreceives this “Do not send data” message, the CBSD will keep bufferingdata in its own uplink data buffer and will not send additional data tothe cable modem. Similarly, when the CMTS receives the “Do not senddata” message, the CMTS will continue to buffer data in its own downlinkdata buffer and will not send additional data to the cable modem. Thecable modem at this time will flush out, i.e., transmit, all the data inthe downlink buffer towards the CBSD and the cable modem will flush outall of data in its uplink buffer towards the cable modem terminationsystem. The cable modem will then turn itself off for a time duration of“T”. For example, the cable modem will turn off power to variouscircuits on the cable modem including its transmitter(s) and receiver(s)for a time duration “T”. The cable modem provides power to the CBSD. Thecable modem even when it turns itself “off” will continue to providepower to the CBSD throughout the time period “T”. The CBSD's power willbe uninterrupted. After the time duration “T” has passed, the cablemodem will turn itself on again powering up the various circuits it hadturned off including its transmitters and receivers.

Once the transmitters and receivers have been powered up, the cablemodem sends a “Send Data” message to both the CBSD and the cable modemtermination system. Upon receiving this message, the CBSD will flush outall the uplink data in its own uplink data buffer to the cable modem andthe cable modem termination system will also flush out the data it hasin its downlink data buffer to the cable modem. The cable modem thenrepeats the process.

The amount of time “T” that the cable modem will power down for isdetermined by the cable modem based on buffer information provided bythe cable modem termination system and the CBSD. The “T” depends on howlarge the uplink data buffer of the CBSD is in terms of time. If theCBSD can buffer or keep 200 msec worth of data in its uplink buffer,then the cable modem has to power up before this time is over so “T”needs to smaller than 200 msec. Similarly, if the cable modemtermination system can buffer or keep 500 msec worth of data in itsdownlink buffer, the cable modem has to power up before this time isover. The cable modem will take into account both the CBSD uplink buffertime and the cable modem termination system downlink buffer time andwill select a time “T” which is less than the lowest of the cable modemtermination system downlink buffer time and the CBSD uplink buffer time.The cable modem receives this buffer information from the CBSD and thecable modem termination system, e.g., when a connection is establishedbetween the cable modem and each of these devices. The cable modem canuse any kind of “Buffer Size Information” message sent from the CBSD tothe cable modem and from the cable modem termination system to the cablemodem to obtain this information. In some embodiments, the cable modemmay send a request to the cable modem termination system and/or the CBSDto obtain the buffer information.

For example with respect to power savings, if the cable modem can turnitself off for approximately 200 msec 10 times in an hour, that isapproximately, 5 hours of power savings per year. If that is multipliedby 10,000 cable modems, then the service provider will have 6 yearsworth of electricity savings in one year of operation.

FIG. 3 , which comprises the combination of FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C and 3Dillustrates an exemplary method 3000. FIG. 3A illustrates the steps ofthe first part of an exemplary method 3000 in accordance with oneembodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3B illustrates the steps ofthe second part of an exemplary method 3000 in accordance with oneembodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3C illustrates the steps ofthe third part of an exemplary method 3000 in accordance with oneembodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3D illustrates the steps ofthe fourth part of an exemplary method 3000 in accordance with oneembodiment of the present invention.

For explanatory purposes the exemplary method 3000 will be explained inconnection with the exemplary wireless network system 100 illustrated inFIG. 1 wherein the wireless network is a CBRS network, wireless basestations are CBSD devices, and the resource allocation managementdevices are SAS devices. However, it should be understood that themethod may be implemented using other systems (e.g., 5G systems, 4Gsystems, LTE systems) and other system configurations then thoseillustrated in FIG. 1 . While it will be readily understood thatadditional steps and signaling are performed in connection withcommunicating information, messages, and packets between devices, themethod 3000 focuses on and discusses the steps and signaling forunderstanding the invention.

The method 3000 starts in start step 3002 shown on FIG. 3A. Operationproceeds from start step 3002 to step 3004.

In step 3004, a cable modem, e.g., cable modem 1 104 of system 100,positioned between a cable modem termination system, e.g., CMTS 1 122,and a wireless base station, e.g., WBS 1 102 of system, receives powerfrom the cable modem termination system. The power is provided in thisexample via a first cable connecting the cable modem termination systemand the cable modem. This first cable in this example is also used forcommunicating messages, e.g., message including data packets and/orcontrol messages, between the cable modem termination system and thecable modem. In some embodiments, the power is provided using Power overEthernet. Operation proceeds from step 3004 to step 3006.

In step 3006, the cable modem which is positioned the cable modemtermination system and the wireless base station receives cable modemtermination system buffer information from the cable modem terminationsystem, e.g., the amount of time it takes for the cable modemtermination system downlink buffer used to store downlink messages forthe cable modem to fill up to its capacity. In some embodiments, thecable modem termination system buffer information includes the sizes ofits downlink and uplink buffers used for storing data to be sent to thecable modem and for storing data received from the cable modemrespectively. In some embodiments, the cable modem termination systembuffer information also includes the buffer fill rates for the cablemodem termination system uplink buffer and downlink buffer. Operationproceeds from step 3006 to step 3008.

In step 3008, the cable modem provides power to the wireless basestation over a second cable. The second cable connects the cable modemto the wireless base station. In this example, the second cable is alsoused to communicating messages, e.g., messages including data packetsand/or control messages, between the cable modem and the wireless basestation. In some embodiments, the power is provided using Power overEthernet. Operation proceeds from step 3008 to step 3010.

In step 3010, the cable modem receives wireless base station bufferinformation from the wireless base station e.g., the amount of time ittakes for the wireless base station buffer used to store uplink messagesfor the cable modem to fill up to its capacity. In some embodiments, thewireless base station buffer information includes the sizes of itsuplink and downlink buffers used for storing data to be sent to thecable modem and for storing data received from the cable modemrespectively. In some embodiments, the wireless base station bufferinformation also includes the buffer fill rates for the wireless basestation uplink and downlink buffers used for storing data to be sent tothe cable modem and for storing data received from the cable modem.Operation proceeds from step 3010 to step 3012.

In step 3012, the cable modem creates a cable modem uplink buffer and acable modem downlink buffer. The cable modem uplink buffer is used forstoring data received from the wireless base station and to betransmitted to the cable modem termination system. The cable modemdownlink buffer is used for storing data received from the cable modemtermination system and to be transmitted to the wireless base station.In various embodiments, the size of the cable modem uplink buffer and/orthe cable modem downlink buffer is based on the cable modem terminationsystem buffer information and the wireless base station bufferinformation. In some embodiments, the cable modem uplink buffer size isequal to or greater than the wireless base station uplink buffer size sothat the wireless base station can transmit all of its stored data tothe cable modem at one time, e.g., as a transmission burst. This canavoid the loss of data. In some embodiments, the cable modem downlinkbuffer size is equal to or grater than the wireless base stationdownlink buffer In most embodiments, the buffer size of the cable modemtermination system is not an issue as it has a lot more capacity thanthe cable modem or the wireless base station and will not lose datareceived due to a buffer overload issue. In some embodiments, once thecable modem has created its uplink and downlink buffers it determinesthe amount of power the cable modem consumes to transmit a full downlinkbuffer and a full uplink buffer and reports this information to the CMTSpower management device, e.g., CMTS power management device 152 ofsystem 100.

In step 3014, the cable modem determines a power savings time valuebased on at least one of said wireless base station buffer informationor said cable modem termination system buffer information. In someembodiments, step 3014 includes one or more sub-steps 3016 and 3018.

In sub-step 3016, the cable modem determines the power savings timevalue based on at least one of: (i) an amount of time for a wirelessbase station uplink buffer used for storing uplink data to betransmitted to the cable modem to fill up or reach its capacity, or (ii)an amount of time for the cable modem termination system downlink bufferused for storing downlink data to be transmitted to the cable mode tofill up or reach its capacity. The buffer information provided in steps3006 and 3008 providing this information or information from which theseamounts of times may be derived by the cable modem.

In sub-step 3018, the cable modem determines the power saving time valueto be a value equal to or less than the smaller of: (i) an amount oftime for a wireless base station uplink buffer used for storing uplinkdata to be transmitted to the cable modem to fill up or reach itscapacity, or (ii) an amount of time for the cable modem terminationsystem downlink buffer used for storing downlink data to be transmittedto the cable mode to fill up or reach its capacity. The bufferinformation provided in steps 3006 and 3008 providing this informationor information from which these amounts of times may be derived by thecable modem. Operation proceeds from step 3014 via connection node A3020 to step 3022 shown on FIG. 3B.

In step 3022, the cable modem while operating in a first mode ofoperation receives uplink data from the wireless base station. Operationproceeds from step 3022 to step 3024.

In step 3024, the cable modem stores the received uplink data at thecable modem in a cable modem uplink buffer. Operation proceeds from step3024 to step 3026.

In step 3026, the cable modem while operating in the first mode ofoperation receives downlink data from the cable modem terminationsystem. The downlink data having a destination of user equipment devicesconnected to the wireless base station. The downlink data being sent tothe cable modem for transmission to the wireless base station. Operationproceeds from step 3026 to step 3028.

In step 3028, the cable modem stores the received downlink data at thecable modem in a cable modem downlink buffer. Operation proceeds fromstep 3028 to step 3030.

In step 3030, the cable modem waits until at least one of the followingoccurs: (i) the amount of data in the cable modem uplink buffer reachesa first threshold value, or (ii) the amount of data in the cable modemdownlink buffer reaches a second threshold value, before transmittingeither the stored downlink data or the stored uplink data. Operationproceeds from step 3030 to step 3032.

In step 3032, the cable modem switches from the first mode of operationto a second mode of operation after performing one or both of: (i)transmitting uplink data to the cable modem termination system, and (ii)transmitting downlink data to the wireless base station. The second modeof operation is a power savings mode of operation. In some embodimentsstep 3032 includes sub-step 3034. In sub-step 3034, the cable modemswitches from the first mode of operation to the second mode ofoperation after performing both of: (i) transmitting uplink data to thecable modem termination system, and (ii) transmitting downlink data tothe wireless base station. In most, but not all embodiments, the cablemodem transmits all of the data in both its uplink and downlink beforeswitching from the first mode of operation to the second mode ofoperation, i.e., it empties the uplink and downlink buffers. Operationproceeds from step 3032 to step 3036.

In step 3036, upon switching to the second mode of operation alsoreferred to as the power savings mode of operation, the cable modemsends a first message to the wireless base station. The first messageincludes information indicating that the wireless base station is not tosend data to the cable modem. This information may be indicated in a bitsetting, e.g., a bit set to a 1 or a bit which is cleared, i.e., set tozero. Operation proceeds from step 3036 to step 3038.

In step 3038, upon switching to the second mode of operation alsoreferred to as the power savings mode of operation, the cable modemsends a send message to the cable modem termination system. The secondmessage includes information indicating that the cable modem terminationsystem is not to send data to the cable modem. This information may beindicated in a bit setting, e.g., a bit set to a 1 or a bit which iscleared, i.e., set to zero. Operation proceeds from step 3038 to step3042 shown on FIG. 3C via connection node B 3040.

In step 3042, upon switching to the power savings mode of operation, thecable modem sets a power saving timer to expire after a first amount oftime based on an/or equal to determined power savings time value. Inmost embodiments, the cable modem will use a first amount of timeslightly less than the determined power savings time value so as toensure that the cable modem termination system downlink buffer and/orwireless base station uplink buffer do not overflow, e.g., to avoid theloss of data. Step 3042 is optional. If step 3042 is not implementedoperation proceeds to step 3044 from step 3038.

In step 3044, upon switching to the power savings mode of operation andafter sending the first message to the wireless base station and thesecond message to the cable modem termination system, the cable modemturns off power to one or more cable modem transmitters included in thecable modem. In some embodiments, step 3044 includes sub-step 3046. Insub-step 3046, upon switching to the power savings mode of operation,the cable modem turns off power to all of the transmitters included inthe cable modem. Turning off power to the transmitter(s) saves power andmakes the cable modem more power efficient. Operation proceeds from step3044 to step 3048.

In step 3048, upon switching to the power savings mode of operation andafter sending the first message to the wireless base station and thesecond message to the cable modem termination system, the cable modemturns off power to one or more cable modem receivers included in thecable modem. In some embodiments, step 3048 includes sub-step 3050. Insub-step 3050, upon switching to the power savings mode of operation,the cable modem turns off power to all of the receivers included in thecable modem. Turning off power to the receiver(s) saves power and makesthe cable modem more power efficient. Operation proceeds from step 3048to step 3052.

In step 3052, the cable modem remains in the power savings mode ofoperation for a first period of time. The first period of time beingbased on at least one of the cable modem termination system bufferinformation or the wireless base station buffer information. In someembodiments, step 3052 includes one or more sub-steps 3053 and 3054. Insub-step 3053, the cable modem remains in the power savings mode ofoperation for a first period of time. The first period of time beingbased on or equal to the power savings time value. In sub-step 3054, thecable modem remains in the power savings mode of operation until theexpiration of the power saving timer. Operation proceeds from step 3052to step 3056.

In step 3056, after the cable modem has remained in the power savingsmode of operation for the first time period, the cable mode switchesfrom the power saving mode of operation back to the first mode ofoperation. In some embodiments, step 3056 includes sub-step 3058. Insub-step 3058, the expiration of the power savings timer causes thecable modem to switch from the power savings mode of operation to thefirst mode of operation. Operation proceeds from step 3056 viaconnection node C 3060 to step 3062 shown on FIG. 3D.

In step 3062, upon the cable modem switching from the power savings modeof operation to the first mode of operation, the cable modem turns poweron to (i) the one or more cable modem transmitters for which power hadbeen turned off by the cable modem, and (ii) the one or more receiversfor which the power had been turned off by the cable modem. Operationproceeds from step 3062 to step 3064.

In step 3064, after the cable modem turns on power to the one or moretransmitters and one or more receivers, the cable modem transmits amessage to the cable modem termination system including informationindicating the cable modem termination system is to send data to thecable modem. This information may be indicated in a bit setting, e.g., abit set to a 1 or a bit which is cleared, i.e., set to zero. Operationproceeds from step 3064 to step 3066.

In step 3066, after the cable modem turns on power to the one or moretransmitters and one or more receivers, the cable modem transmits amessage to the wireless base station including information indicatingthe wireless base station is to send data to the cable modem. Thisinformation may be indicated in a bit setting, e.g., a bit set to a 1 ora bit which is cleared, i.e., set to zero. Operation proceeds from step3066 via connect node A 3020 to step 3022 shown on FIG. 3B where themethod continues as previously described.

FIG. 4 is a drawing of an exemplary wireless base station (WBS) (e.g.,Citizens Broadband Radio Service Device (CBSD), LTE base station, 4Gbase station, 5G base station) 400 in accordance with an exemplaryembodiment. The wireless base station device (e.g., CBSD device) 400. Insome embodiments, the wireless base station (e.g., CBSD device) 400 alsoincludes the capabilities of a CBSD as defined by the FederalCommunications Commission's Rules with Regard to Commercial Operationsin the 3550-3650 MHz Band. Exemplary wireless base station (e.g., CBSDdevice) 400 includes a wireless interface 404, a network interface 405,e.g., a wired or optical interface, processor(s) 406 (one or moreprocessors), e.g., a CPU, an assembly of hardware components 408, e.g.,an assembly of circuits, and I/O interface 410 and memory 412 coupledtogether via a bus 409 over which the various elements may interchangedata and information. Wireless base station 400 further includes aspeaker 452, a display 454, switches 456, keypad 458 and mouse 459coupled to I/O interface 410, via which the various I/O devices (452,454, 456, 458, 459) may communicate with other elements (404, 405, 406,408, 412) of the wireless base station 400. Network interface 405includes a receiver 478 and a transmitter 480. In some embodiments,receiver 478 and transmitter 480 are part of a transceiver 484. Wirelessinterface 404 includes a wireless receiver 438 and a wirelesstransmitter 440. In some embodiments, receiver 438 and transmitter 440are part of a transceiver 442. In various embodiments, wirelessinterface 404 includes a plurality of wireless receivers and a pluralityof wireless transmitters. Wireless receiver 438 is coupled to aplurality of receive antennas (receive antenna 1 439, . . . , receiveantenna M 441), via which wireless base station 400 can receive wirelesssignals from other wireless communications devices including a secondwireless communications device, e.g., a UE device. Wireless transmitter440 is coupled to a plurality of wireless transmit antennas (transmitantenna 1 443, . . . , transmit antenna N 445) via which the wirelessbase station 400 can transmit signals to other wireless communicationsdevices including a second wireless communications device, e.g., a UEdevice. Memory 412 includes an assembly of component 414, e.g., anassembly of software components, and data/information 416.Data/information 416 includes wireless base station uplink buffer 417and wireless base station downlink buffer 419. In some embodiments, thewireless base stations discussed in the Figures and/or in connectionwith the embodiments of the present invention described are implementedin accordance with wireless base station 400. For example, WBS 1 (e.g.,CBSD 1) 102 and/or WBS 2 (e.g., CBSD 2) 112 of system 100, may be, andin some embodiments are, implemented in accordance with wireless basestation 400.

FIG. 5 is a drawing of an exemplary user equipment (UE) device 500 inaccordance with an exemplary embodiment. UE device 500 is, e.g., amobile device such as a cell phone, a smart phone, wireless tablet orwireless notebook. UE device 500, in some embodiments, includes CBRS,5G, Long Term Evolution (LTE), e.g., 4G LTE, mobile device capabilities.Exemplary UE device 500 includes a wireless interface 504, a networkinterface 505, a processor(s) 506, e.g., a CPU, an assembly of hardwarecomponents 508, e.g., an assembly of circuits, and I/O interface 510 andmemory 512 coupled together via a bus 509 over which the variouselements may interchange data and information. UE device 500 furtherincludes a microphone 550, camera 551, speaker 552, a display 554, e.g.,a touch screen display, switches 556, keypad 558 and mouse 559 coupledto I/O interface 510, via which the various I/O devices (550, 551, 552,554, 556, 558, 559) may communicate with other elements (504, 505, 506,508, 512) of the UE device. Network interface 505 includes a receiver578 and a transmitter 580. In some embodiments, receiver 578 andtransmitter 580 are part of a transceiver 584. Wireless interface 504includes a wireless receiver 538 and a wireless transmitter 540. In someembodiments, receiver 538 and transmitter 540 are part of a transceiver524. In various embodiments, wireless interface 504 includes a pluralityof wireless receivers and a plurality of wireless transmitters. Wirelessreceiver 538 is coupled to one or more receive antennas (receive antenna1 539, . . . , receive antenna M 541), via which UE device 500 canreceive wireless signals from other wireless communications devicesincluding, e.g., a wireless base station such as wireless base station400. Wireless transmitter 540 is coupled to one or more wirelesstransmit antennas (transmit antenna 1 543, . . . , transmit antenna N545) via which the UE device 500 can transmit signals to other wirelesscommunications device including a first wireless communications device,e.g., a wireless base station 400. Memory 512 includes an assembly ofcomponents 514, e.g., an assembly of software components, anddata/information 516. The user equipment devices illustrated in FIG. 1may be, and in some embodiments are, implemented in accordance with userequipment device 500.

FIG. 6 is a drawing of an exemplary cable modem termination system inaccordance with an exemplary embodiment. The cable modem terminationsystem in some embodiments is implemented in accordance with DOCSISstandards. The cable modem termination system 600 includes a pluralityof network interfaces 605, . . . , 690, e.g., a wired or opticalinterface, a processor(s) 606 (e.g., one or more processors), e.g., aCPU, an assembly of hardware components 608, e.g., an assembly ofcircuits, and I/O interface 610 and memory 612 coupled together via abus 609 over which the various elements may interchange data andinformation. The computing device 600 further includes a speaker 652, adisplay 654, switches 656, keypad 658 and mouse 659 coupled to I/Ointerface 610, via which the various I/O devices (652, 654, 656, 658,659) may communicate with other elements (605, . . . , 690, 606, 608,612) of the cable modem termination system 600. Network interface 605includes a receiver 678 and a transmitter 680. The network interface 605is typically used to communicate with other devices, e.g., cable modems,CMTS power management device, other devices in the network core. In someembodiments, receiver 678 and transmitter 680 are part of a transceiver684. Memory 612 includes an assembly of component 614, e.g., an assemblyof software components, and data/information 616. Data/information 616includes, among other things, uplink and downlink buffers for each cablemodem to which it is connected. In this example, it includes cable modemtermination system cable modem (CM) 1 uplink buffer 630, cable modemtermination system CM 1 downlink buffer 632, . . . , cable modemtermination system CM Y uplink buffer 634, and cable modem terminationsystem CM Y downlink buffer 636. In some embodiments, cable modemtermination systems disclosed in the figures and/or discussed inconnection with the various embodiments of the invention are implementedin accordance with cable modem termination system 600. For example,cable modem termination system 1 122 and cable modem termination system2 124 of system 100 of FIG. 1 are implemented in accordance with cablemodem termination system 600.

FIG. 7 is a drawing of an exemplary assembly of components 700 which maybe included in an exemplary wireless base station (e.g., exemplarywireless base station 400 of FIG. 4 ), in accordance with an exemplaryembodiment. The components in the assembly of components 700 can, and insome embodiments are, implemented fully in hardware within a processor,e.g., processor 406, e.g., as individual circuits. The components in theassembly of components 700 can, and in some embodiments are, implementedfully in hardware within the assembly of hardware components 408, e.g.,as individual circuits corresponding to the different components. Inother embodiments some of the components are implemented, e.g., ascircuits, within processor 406 with other components being implemented,e.g., as circuits within assembly of components 408, external to andcoupled to the processor 406. As should be appreciated the level ofintegration of components on the processor and/or with some componentsbeing external to the processor may be one of design choice.Alternatively, rather than being implemented as circuits, all or some ofthe components may be implemented in software and stored in the memory412 of the wireless base station 400, with the components controllingoperation of wireless base station device 400 to implement the functionscorresponding to the components when the components are executed by aprocessor e.g., processor 406. In some such embodiments, the assembly ofcomponents 700 is included in the memory 412 as assembly of softwarecomponents 414. In still other embodiments, various components inassembly of components 700 are implemented as a combination of hardwareand software, e.g., with another circuit external to the processorproviding input to the processor which then under software controloperates to perform a portion of a component's function.

When implemented in software the components include code, which whenexecuted by a processor, e.g., processor 406, configure the processor toimplement the function corresponding to the component. In embodimentswhere the assembly of components 700 is stored in the memory 412, thememory 412 is a computer program product comprising a computer readablemedium comprising code, e.g., individual code for each component, forcausing at least one computer, e.g., processor 406, to implement thefunctions to which the components correspond.

Completely hardware based or completely software based components may beused. However, it should be appreciated that any combination of softwareand hardware, e.g., circuit implemented components may be used toimplement the functions. As should be appreciated, the componentsillustrated in FIG. 7 control and/or configure the wireless base station400 or elements therein such as the processor 406, to perform thefunctions of corresponding steps illustrated and/or described in themethod of one or more of the flowcharts, signaling diagrams and/ordescribed with respect to any of the Figures. Thus the assembly ofcomponents 700 includes various components that perform functions ofcorresponding one or more described and/or illustrated steps of anexemplary method.

Assembly of components 700 includes a control routines component 702, acommunications component 704, a message generator component 706, amessage processing component 708, a buffer management component 710, adeterminator component 712, a storage component 714, an uplink buffercomponent 716, and a downlink buffer component 718.

The control routines component 702 is configured to control operation ofthe wireless base station (e.g., CBSD). The communication component 704is configured to handle communications, e.g., transmission and receptionof messages, and protocol signaling for the wireless base station (e.g.,CBSD). The message generator component 706 is configured to generatemessages for transmission to other devices. The message processingcomponent 708 is configured to process messages received from otherdevices, e.g., messages from user equipment devices, messages from acable modem, messages from an Spectrum Access System, and policy controlfunction devices.

The buffer management component 710 is configured to implement allaspects related to buffer management including creation and managementof uplink data buffer(s) for storing data from user equipment devices tobe transmitted to the cable modem, creation of downlink buffer(s) forstoring data received from the cable modem, providing wireless basestation buffer information to the cable modem including uplink anddownlink buffer size and fill rates, uplink and downlink buffer sizes interms of time to receive and store data to fully occupy the uplinkbuffer and the downlink buffer.

The determinator component 712 is configured to make determinations anddecisions for the wireless base station including for example: buffersize as an amount of time for the buffer to become full, buffer size asnumber of bytes of storage capacity, buffer fill rate, and when to senddata to the cable modem and when not to send data to the cable modem,e.g., send data after receiving a send data message and do not send dataafter receiving a do not send data message, when to store data receivedfrom user equipment devices in the uplink buffer as opposed to sendingthe data immediately to the cable modem (e.g., store data in the uplinkbuffer after receiving a do not send data message is received from thecable modem).

The storage component 714 is configured to manage the storage, andretrieval of data and/or instructions to/and from memory, buffers inmemory, hardware buffers and/or storage device coupled and/or connectedto the wireless base station.

The uplink buffer component 716 is configured to handle uplink buffercreation, management, storage and retrieval of data to the uplinkbuffer, flushing and/or transmittal of data from the uplink buffer tothe cable modem, provide notifications when thresholds have beenexceeded with respect to buffer storage, provide notifications when theuplink buffer is full, determine the uplink buffer size, determineuplink buffer fill rate, determine amount of time it takes for theuplink buffer to become full, respond to queries and/or requests fromthe cable modem to provide uplink buffer information. In someembodiments, uplink buffer component 716 is a sub-component of buffermanagement component 710 or storage component 714.

The downlink buffer component 718 is configured to handle downlinkbuffer creation, management, storage and retrieval of data to thedownlink buffer, flushing and/or transmittal of data from the downlinkbuffer to the user equipment devices, provide notifications whenthresholds have been exceeded with respect to buffer storage, providenotifications when the downlink buffer is full, determine the downlinkbuffer size, determine downlink buffer fill rate, determine amount oftime it takes for the downlink buffer to become full, respond to queriesand/or requests from the cable modem to provide downlink bufferinformation. In some embodiments, downlink buffer component 718 is asub-component of buffer management component 710 or storage component714.

FIG. 8 is a drawing of an exemplary assembly of components 800 which maybe included in an exemplary user equipment (UE) device, e.g., UE device500 of FIG. 5 , in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. Thecomponents in the assembly of components 800 can, and in someembodiments are, implemented fully in hardware within a processor, e.g.,processor 506, e.g., as individual circuits. The components in theassembly of components 800 can, and in some embodiments are, implementedfully in hardware within the assembly of hardware components 508, e.g.,as individual circuits corresponding to the different components. Inother embodiments some of the components are implemented, e.g., ascircuits, within processor 506 with other components being implemented,e.g., as circuits within assembly of components 508, external to andcoupled to the processor 506. As should be appreciated the level ofintegration of components on the processor and/or with some componentsbeing external to the processor may be one of design choice.Alternatively, rather than being implemented as circuits, all or some ofthe components may be implemented in software and stored in the memory512 of the UE device 500, with the components controlling operation ofUE device 500 to implement the functions corresponding to the componentswhen the components are executed by a processor e.g., processor 506. Insome such embodiments, the assembly of components 800 is included in thememory 512 as assembly of software components 514. In still otherembodiments, various components in assembly of components 800 areimplemented as a combination of hardware and software, e.g., withanother circuit external to the processor providing input to theprocessor which then under software control operates to perform aportion of a component's function. When implemented in software thecomponents include code, which when executed by a processor, e.g.,processor 506, configure the processor to implement the functioncorresponding to the component. In embodiments where the assembly ofcomponents 800 is stored in the memory 512, the memory 512 is a computerprogram product comprising a computer readable medium comprising code,e.g., individual code for each component, for causing at least onecomputer, e.g., processor 506, to implement the functions to which thecomponents correspond.

Completely hardware based or completely software based components may beused. However, it should be appreciated that any combination of softwareand hardware, e.g., circuit implemented components may be used toimplement the functions. As should be appreciated, the componentsillustrated in FIG. 8 control and/or configure the UE device 500 orelements therein such as the processor 506, to perform the functions ofcorresponding steps illustrated and/or described in the method of one ormore of the flowcharts, signaling diagrams and/or described with respectto any of the Figures. Thus the assembly of components 800 includesvarious components that perform functions of corresponding one or moredescribed and/or illustrated steps of an exemplary method.

Assembly of components 800 includes a control routines component 802, acommunications component 804, a message generator component 806, amessage processing component 808.

The control routines component 802 is configured to control operation ofthe UE. The communication component 804 is configured to handlecommunications, e.g., receipt and transmission of signals and provideprotocol signal processing for one or protocols for the UE. The messagegenerator component 806 is configured to generate messages fortransmission to the wireless base stations (e.g., CBSD devices) such asmessages including user data and/or user data requests, controlmessages, etc. In some embodiments, the message generator component 806is a sub-component of the communications component 804. The messageprocessing component 808 processes received messages, e.g., requests forinformation. In some embodiments, the message processing component is asub-component of the communications component 808.

FIG. 9 is a drawing of an exemplary assembly of components 900 which maybe included in a cable modem termination system, e.g., cable modemtermination system 600 of FIG. 6 , in accordance with an exemplaryembodiment. The components in the assembly of components 900 can, and insome embodiments are, implemented fully in hardware within a processoror one or more processors, e.g., processor(s) 606, e.g., as individualcircuits. The components in the assembly of components 900 can, and insome embodiments are, implemented fully in hardware within the assemblyof hardware components 608, e.g., as individual circuits correspondingto the different components. In other embodiments some of the componentsare implemented, e.g., as circuits, within processor(s) 606 with othercomponents being implemented, e.g., as circuits within assembly ofcomponents 608, external to and coupled to the processor(s) 606. Asshould be appreciated the level of integration of components on theprocessor and/or with some components being external to the processormay be one of design choice. Alternatively, rather than beingimplemented as circuits, all or some of the components may beimplemented in software and stored in the memory 612 of the cable modemtermination system 600, with the components controlling operation of thecable modem termination system 600 to implement the functionscorresponding to the components when the components are executed by aprocessor e.g., processor 606. In some such embodiments, the assembly ofcomponents 900 is included in the memory 612 as assembly of softwarecomponents 614. In still other embodiments, various components inassembly of components 900 are implemented as a combination of hardwareand software, e.g., with another circuit external to the processorproviding input to the processor which then under software controloperates to perform a portion of a component's function.

When implemented in software the components include code, which whenexecuted by a processor or one or more processors, e.g., processor(s)606, configure the processor(s) to implement the function correspondingto the component. In embodiments where the assembly of components 900 isstored in the memory 612, the memory 612 is a computer program productcomprising a computer readable medium comprising code, e.g., individualcode for each component, for causing at least one computer, e.g.,processor 606, to implement the functions to which the componentscorrespond.

Completely hardware based or completely software based components may beused. However, it should be appreciated that any combination of softwareand hardware, e.g., circuit implemented components may be used toimplement the functions. As should be appreciated, the componentsillustrated in FIG. 9 control and/or configure the cable modemtermination system 600 or elements therein such as the processor(s) 606,to perform the functions of corresponding steps illustrated and/ordescribed in the method of one or more of the flowcharts, signalingdiagrams and/or described with respect to any of the Figures. Thus theassembly of components 900 includes various components that performfunctions of corresponding one or more described and/or illustratedsteps of an exemplary method.

Assembly of components 900 includes a control routines component 902, acommunications component 904, a message generator component 906, amessage processing component 908, a buffer management component 910, adeterminator component 912, a storage component 914, an uplink buffercomponent 916, and a downlink buffer component 918.

The control routines component 902 is configured to control operation ofthe cable modem termination system. The communication component 904 isconfigured to handle communications, e.g., transmission and reception ofmessages, and protocol signaling for the cable modem termination system.The message generator component 906 is configured to generate messagesfor transmission to other devices. The message processing component 908is configured to process messages received from other devices, e.g.,messages from cable modems, messages from core network, and messagesfrom CMTS power management devices.

The buffer management component 910 is configured to implement allaspects related to buffer management including creation and managementof uplink data buffer(s) for storing data from cable modem devices to betransmitted to the core network devices, creation of downlink buffer(s)for storing data received from devices, e.g., core network devices fortransmission to the cable modem, providing cable modem terminationsystem buffer information to cable modems including uplink and downlinkbuffer size and fill rates, uplink and downlink buffer sizes in terms oftime to receive and store data to fully occupy the uplink buffer and thedownlink buffer corresponding to a particular cable modem.

The determinator component 912 is configured to make determinations anddecisions for the cable modem including for example: buffer size as anamount of time for the buffer to become full, buffer size as number ofbytes of storage capacity, buffer fill rate, and when to send data tothe cable modem and when not to send data to the cable modem, e.g., senddata after receiving a send data message and do not send data afterreceiving a do not send data message, when to store data received fromother devices for a cable in the downlink buffer for the cable modem asopposed to sending the data immediately to the cable modem (e.g., storedata in the downlink buffer after receiving a do not send data messageis received from the cable modem).

The storage component 914 is configured to manage the storage, andretrieval of data and/or instructions to/and from memory, buffers inmemory, hardware buffers and/or storage device coupled and/or connectedto the wireless base station.

The uplink buffer component 916 is configured to handle uplink buffercreation, management, storage and retrieval of data to the uplinkbuffer, flushing and/or transmittal of data from the uplink buffer tothe other devices, e.g., devices in the core network, providenotifications when thresholds have been exceeded with respect to bufferstorage, provide notifications when the uplink buffer is full, determinethe uplink buffer size, determine uplink buffer fill rate, determineamount of time it takes for the uplink buffer to become full, respond toqueries and/or requests from the cable modem to provide uplink bufferinformation. In some embodiments, uplink buffer component 916 is asub-component of buffer management component 910 or storage component914.

The downlink buffer component 918 is configured to handle downlinkbuffer creation, management, storage and retrieval of data to thedownlink buffer, flushing and/or transmittal of data from the downlinkbuffer to the cable modem, provide notifications when thresholds havebeen exceeded with respect to buffer storage, provide notifications whenthe downlink buffer is full, determine the downlink buffer size,determine downlink buffer fill rate, determine amount of time it takesfor the downlink buffer to become full, respond to queries and/orrequests from the cable modem to provide downlink buffer information,determine when the downlink buffer should not send data to the cablemodem but should instead store the data (e.g., after receiving a do notsend data message), determine when to send data/flush the downlinkbuffer to the cable modem (e.g., after receiving a send data message).In some embodiments, downlink buffer component 718 is a sub-component ofbuffer management component 910 or storage component 914.

FIG. 11 is a drawing of an exemplary assembly of components 1100 whichmay be included in an exemplary cable modem (e.g., exemplary cable modem200 of FIG. 2 ), in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. Thecomponents in the assembly of components 200 can, and in someembodiments are, implemented fully in hardware within a processor, e.g.,processor 206, e.g., as individual circuits. The components in theassembly of components 200 can, and in some embodiments are, implementedfully in hardware within the assembly of hardware components 208, e.g.,as individual circuits corresponding to the different components. Inother embodiments some of the components are implemented, e.g., ascircuits, within processor 206 with other components being implemented,e.g., as circuits within assembly of components 208, external to andcoupled to the processor 206. As should be appreciated the level ofintegration of components on the processor and/or with some componentsbeing external to the processor may be one of design choice.Alternatively, rather than being implemented as circuits, all or some ofthe components may be implemented in software and stored in the memory212 of the cable modem 200, with the components controlling operation ofcable modem 200 to implement the functions corresponding to thecomponents when the components are executed by a processor e.g.,processor 206. In some such embodiments, the assembly of components 1100is included in the memory 212 as assembly of software components 214. Instill other embodiments, various components in assembly of components1100 are implemented as a combination of hardware and software, e.g.,with another circuit external to the processor providing input to theprocessor which then under software control operates to perform aportion of a component's function.

When implemented in software the components include code, which whenexecuted by a processor, e.g., processor 206, configure the processor toimplement the function corresponding to the component. In embodimentswhere the assembly of components 200 is stored in the memory 212, thememory 212 is a computer program product comprising a computer readablemedium comprising code, e.g., individual code for each component, forcausing at least one computer, e.g., processor 406, to implement thefunctions to which the components correspond.

Completely hardware based or completely software based components may beused. However, it should be appreciated that any combination of softwareand hardware, e.g., circuit implemented components may be used toimplement the functions. As should be appreciated, the componentsillustrated in FIG. 2 control and/or configure the cable modem 200 orelements therein such as the processor 206, to perform the functions ofcorresponding steps illustrated and/or described in the method of one ormore of the flowcharts, signaling diagrams and/or described with respectto any of the Figures. Thus the assembly of components 1100 includesvarious components that perform functions of corresponding one or moredescribed and/or illustrated steps of an exemplary method.

Assembly of components 1100 includes a control routines component 1102,a communications component 1104, a message generator component 1106, amessage processing component 1108, a mode of operation component 1110, aswitching component 1116, a determinator component 1118, a storagecomponent 1120, a buffer component 1122, a timer component 1128, and apower management component 1130. In some embodiments, the mode ofoperation component 1110 includes one or more of the followingsub-components: a non-power savings mode of operation component 1112 anda power savings mode of operation component 1114. In some embodiments,the buffer component 1122 includes one or more of the followingsub-components: an uplink buffer component 1124 and a downlink buffercomponent 1126.

The control routines component 1102 is configured to control operationof the cable modem. The communication component 1104 is configured tohandle communications, e.g., transmission and reception of messages,data packets, and protocol signaling for the cable modem. The messagegenerator component 1106 is configured to generate messages fortransmission to other devices such as for example messages indicatingthat data is not to be sent to the cable modem, messages indicating thatdata is to be sent to the data modem, messages including data packetsfor uplink transmission to a CMTS and messages including data packetsfor downlink transmission to a wireless base station, messagesrequesting buffer information, e.g., CMTS buffer information andwireless base station buffer information. The message processingcomponent 1108 is configured to process messages received from otherdevices, e.g., messages such as messages including buffer informationand/or data packets from a wireless base station, messages includingbuffer information and/or data packets from a cable modem terminationsystem.

The mode of operation component 1110 is configured to control the cablemode to perform operations and steps of the methods disclosed hereinwhile operating in the power savings mode of operation and the non-powersavings mode of operation. In some embodiments, the mode of operationcomponent 1110 is also makes determinations as to when the cable modemis to enter or exit either the power savings mode of operation or thenon-power savings mode of operation. In some embodiments, the mode ofoperation component 1110 controls the cable modem to switch from thepower savings mode of operation to the non-power savings mode ofoperation. In some embodiments, the mode of operation component 1110controls the cable modem to switch from the non-power savings mode ofoperation to the power savings mode of operation.

In some embodiments, the mode of operation component includes anon-power savings mode of operation sub-component 1112. The non-powersavings mode of operation sub-component 1112 is configured to controlthe cable modem to perform one or more of the various method stepsdescribed herein and/or attributed to the cable modem while it isoperating in the non-power savings mode of operation including forexample turning on transmitter(s) and receiver(s) which were turned offturning the power savings mode of operation, notifying the wireless basestation and cable modem termination system that data should be sent tothe cable modem via controlling the cable modem to transmit “Send datamessages” to the cable modem termination system and the wireless basestation, storing data which is received from the wireless base stationin the uplink data buffer until a determination is made to send the datato CMTS (e.g., when the uplink and downlink buffer have reached afullness threshold), storing data which is received from the CMTS in adownlink buffer until a determination is made to send the data to thewireless base station.

In some embodiments, the mode of operation component includes a powersavings mode of operation sub-component 1114. The power savings mode ofoperation sub-component 1114 is configured to control the cable modem toperform one or more of the various method steps described herein and/orattributed to the cable modem while it is operating in the power savingsmode of operation including for example, sending do

The switching component 1116 is configured to control the cable modemto: (i) switch from a first mode of operation to a second mode ofoperation, and (ii) switch from a second mode of operation to a firstmode of operation. The first mode of operation may be and typically is anon-power savings mode of operation and the second mode of operation istypically a power savings mode of operation. In some embodiments, theswitching component is also configured to make the determination of whenthe cable modem is to switch: (i) from the first mode of operation tothe second mode of operation, and (ii) from the second mode of operationto the first mode of operation. In some embodiments, the switchingcomponent 1116 is a sub-component of the mode of operation component1114.

The determinator component 1118 is configured to make determinations anddecisions for the cable modem including for example: whether an amountof data in a buffer has reached or exceeded a threshold, whether thecable modem is to switch from one mode of operation to another mode ofoperation, whether the cable modem is to store data in its uplink ordownlink buffer or transmit the uplink and downlink data, whether thecable modem is to transmit it data or continue to wait until at leastone of the following occurs: (i) the amount of data in the cable modemuplink buffer reaches a first threshold value, or (ii) the amount ofdata in the cable modem downlink buffer reaches a second threshold valueto transmit the data in uplink or downlink before transmitting data,when to store data received from wireless base station in the uplinkbuffer as opposed to sending the data to the CMTS; when to transmitdata, when to send a message indicating data is not to be sent to thecable modem by the wireless base station, when to send a messageindicating data is not to be sent to the cable modem by the cable modemtermination system, when to send a message indicating data is to be sentto the cable modem from the wireless base station, when to send amessage indicating data is to be sent to the cable modem from the CMTS,when to start a power savings timer, when to enter power savings mode ofoperation, when to enter non-power savings mode of operation, when toturn off the cable modem transmitter(s), receiver(s), and/ortransceiver(s), when to turn on the cable modem transmitter(s),receiver(s), and/or transceiver(s), when to flush the uplink anddownlink cable modem buffers transmitting the data in a burst to theCMTS and the wireless base station, the expiration of the first periodof time, the size to create the cable modem uplink buffer, the size tocreate the cable modem downlink buffer.

The storage component 1120 is configured to manage the storage, andretrieval of data and/or instructions to/and from memory, buffers inmemory, hardware buffers and/or storage devices coupled and/or connectedto the cable modem.

The buffer t component 1122 is configured to control the cable modem toimplement all aspects related to buffer management including creationand management of an uplink data buffer for storing data from wirelessbase station to be transmitted to the cable modem termination system,creation of downlink buffer for storing data received from the cablemodem termination system, receiving wireless base station bufferinformation including uplink and downlink buffer size and fill rates,uplink and downlink buffer sizes in terms of time to receive and storedata to fully occupy the uplink buffer and the downlink buffer of thewireless base station, receiving cable modem termination system bufferinformation including uplink and downlink buffer size and fill rates,uplink and downlink buffer sizes in terms of time to receive and storedata to fully occupy the uplink buffer and the downlink buffer of thecable modem termination system, determination of cable modem uplink anddownlink buffer sizes, determination of when the amount of data storedin the cable modem uplink buffer has reached a first threshold,determination of when the amount of data stored in the cable modemdownlink buffer has reached a second threshold, determination of whenthe cable modem uplink buffer data is to be transmitted to the cablemodem termination system, determination of when the cable modem downlinkbuffer data is transmitted to the wireless base station, determinationof when the uplink data is to be stored in the uplink buffer,determination of when the downlink data is to be stored in the downlinkbuffer. In some embodiments, the buffer component 1122 is asub-component of the storage component 1120.

In some embodiments the buffer component 1122 includes uplink buffercomponent 1124. The uplink buffer component 1124 is a sub-component ofthe buffer component 1122 and is configured to perform operationsrelating to the uplink buffer including uplink buffer creation,management, storage and retrieval of data to the uplink buffer, flushingand/or transmittal of data from the uplink buffer to the cable modemtermination system, providing notifications when thresholds have beenmet or exceeded with respect to buffer storage, providing notificationswhen the uplink buffer is full, determine the uplink buffer size,determine uplink buffer fill rate, determine amount of time it takes forthe uplink buffer to become full. In some embodiments, uplink buffercomponent 1124 is not a sub-component of buffer component 1122 but is aseparate component. In some embodiments, the uplink buffer component1124 is a sub-component of the storage component 1120.

In some embodiments the buffer component 1122 includes downlink buffercomponent 1126. The downlink buffer component 1126 is a sub-component ofthe buffer component 1122 and is configured to perform operationsrelating to the downlink buffer including downlink buffer creation,management, storage and retrieval of data to the downlink buffer,flushing and/or transmittal of data from the downlink buffer to thewireless base station, providing notifications when thresholds have beenmet or exceeded with respect to buffer storage, providing notificationswhen the downlink buffer is full, determine the downlink buffer size,determine downlink buffer fill rate, determine amount of time it takesfor the downlink buffer to become full. In some embodiments, downlinkbuffer component 1126 is not a sub-component of buffer component 1122but is a separate component. In some embodiments, the downlink buffercomponent 1126 is a sub-component of the storage component 1120.

The timer component is configured to implement the power savings timeroperations of the cable modem as well as setting of the power savingstimer, causing the cable modem to switch modes of operation at theexpiration or passage of the first period of time. In some embodiments,the timer components is a sub-component of the mode of operationcomponent 1110 or the switching component 1116.

The power component 1128 is configured to receive and power supply andto control the management of the power usage by the cable modemincluding for example which elements, circuits, components,transceivers, receivers and transmitters are powered on and when (e.g.,cable modem transmitters and receivers are powered on during non-powersavings mode of operation) and powered off and when (e.g., turning offthe cable modem transmitter(s) and receiver(s) after entering powersavings mode of operation). The power component 1128 is also configuredto receive power from the cable modem termination system, e.g., viaPower over Ethernet. The power component 1128 is also configured toprovide and/or supply power to the wireless base station, e.g., viaPower over Ethernet, and to ensure that power to the wireless basestation is not interrupted while the cable modem is in power savingsmode of operation that is the cable modem.

FIG. 10 which illustrates the steps of a flowchart of a method 1000which illustrates another exemplary method embodiment for managing powerusage by a cable modem.

For explanatory purposes the exemplary method 1000 will be explained inconnection with the exemplary communications system 100 illustrated inFIG. 1 wherein the wireless network is a CBRS network, wireless basestations are CBSD devices, the resource allocation management devicesare SAS devices, the user equipment devices are mobile terminals, andcables connect the cable modem 1 104, . . . , CM Y 114 to the cablemodem termination system 1 122. The cable modem termination system 1 122supplying power to the cable modems which in turn supplies power to thewireless base station 1 (CBSD 1) 102 and wireless base station 2 (CBSD2) 112. However, it should be understood that the method may beimplemented using other systems, e.g., other non-CBRS wireless systemsas well as other system configurations then those illustrated in FIG. 1. While it will be readily understood that additional steps andsignaling are performed in connection with communicating information,messages, and packets between devices, the method 1000 focuses on anddiscusses the steps and signaling for understanding the invention.

The method 1000 shown in FIG. 10 will now be discussed in detail. Themethod starts in start step 1002 shown on FIG. 10A.

Operation proceeds from start step 1002 to step 1004. In step 1004, acable modem termination system (e.g., cable modem termination system 1122 of system 100) is powered up and begins operating. Operationproceeds from step 1004 to step 1006.

In step 1006, a cable modem (e.g., cable modem 1 104 of system 100)connects to the cable modem termination system and begins operating. Thecable modem is powered by the cable modem termination system with powerbeing supplied via a cable connecting the cable modem to the cable modemtermination system. The cable is also used by the cable modemtermination system and the cable modem to communicate with one another.In at least some embodiments, the power is supplied using power overEthernet protocols, technologies and/or connections. Operation proceedsfrom step 1006 to step 1008.

In step 1008, a wireless base station (e.g., wireless base station 102(e.g., a CSBD) of system 100) is connected to the cable modem via acable and begins operating. The cable modem supplies power to thewireless base station. The power is supplied by the cable modem to thewireless base station over the cable connecting the wireless basestation to the cable modem. The cable connecting the wireless basestation to the cable mode is also by the cable modem and the wirelessbase station to communicate with one another. The cable modem ispositioned between the wireless base station and the cable modemtermination system.

When the system is operating, the wireless base station providesservices, e.g., broadband services, to user equipment devices, e.g.,wireless devices such as laptops, smartphones, cellphones, tablets,cars, etc. which connect to the wireless base station. The userequipment device uplink data is sent to the core network (e.g., corenetwork 150) of the service provider (e.g., service provider 1 in system100) which operates both the wireless base station 1 102, the cablemodem 104, the cable modem termination system 1 122 and the core network150. The service provider provides both wireless and cable services. Theuser equipment device uplink data which is sent to the core networktraverses the following path: user equipment device to wireless basestation to cable modem to cable modem termination system to core networkdevice. Downlink data sent via the core network to the user equipmentdevice follows the reverse path: core network to cable modem terminationsystem to cable modem to wireless base station to user equipment device.

Operation proceeds from step 1008 to optional step 1010. In optionalstep 1010. The wireless base station registers with a resourceallocation management device, e.g., a spectrum access system (e.g., RAMD1 126 of system 100). This optional step is typically implemented bywireless base stations such as for example CBSD base stations of CBRSsystems wherein a Spectrum Access System allocates and manages spectrum,e.g., General Authorized Access spectrum, which a wireless base stationis to utilize. Operation proceeds from optional step 1010 to optionalstep 1012.

In optional step 1012, the resource allocation management device grantsspectrum to the wireless base station for use in communicating with userequipment devices. Operation proceeds from optional step 1012 to step1014.

When optional steps 1010 and 1012 are not implemented, operationproceeds from step 1008 to step 1014.

In step 1014, the CMTS communicates to the cable modem CMTS bufferinformation, e.g., CMTS uplink buffer size information for the CMTSuplink buffer used for storing data communicated from the cable modem tothe CMTS and CMTS downlink buffer size information for the CMTS downlinkbuffer used for storing data to be communicated to the cable modem. Tothe extent that the CMTS utilizes a common downlink buffer for multiplecable modems, the CMTS provides information corresponding to the size,amount or portion of the common buffer reserved for use for data to betransmitted to the cable modem (e.g., cable modem 1 104). To the extentthat the CMTS utilizes a common uplink buffer for multiple cable modems,the CMTS provides information corresponding to the size, amount orportion of the common buffer reserved for use for data to be stored thatreceived from the cable modem (e.g., cable modem 1 104). In someembodiments, the CMTS buffer information includes a first downlinkbuffer size value expressed as an amount of time (e.g., an amount oftime it takes for the cable modem termination system downlink buffer forthe cable modem to fill up to its capacity, e.g., so that all entries inthe CMTS downlink buffer used for the cable modem are occupied). In someembodiments, the CMTS buffer information includes a first uplink buffersize value expressed as an amount of time (e.g., an amount of time ittakes for the cable modem termination system uplink buffer for the cablemodem to fill up to its capacity, e.g., so that all entries in the CMTSuplink buffer used for the cable modem are occupied). Operation proceedsfrom step 1014 to step 1016.

In step 1016, the cable modem receives the CMTS buffer information. Thecable modem also stores the received CMTS buffer information in memoryin the cable modem. Operation proceeds from step 1016 to step 1018.

In step 1018, the wireless base station, e.g., wireless base station 102of system 100, communicates to the cable modem wireless base stationbuffer information, e.g., wireless base station downlink buffer sizeinformation for the wireless base station downlink buffer used forstoring data communicated from the cable modem to the wireless basestation and wireless base station uplink buffer size information for thewireless base station uplink buffer used for storing data to becommunicated to the cable modem. To the extent that the wireless basestation utilizes separate uplink buffers for different user equipmentdevices, the wireless base station provides information corresponding tothe aggregate size of the uplink buffers reserved for use for storingdata to be transmitted from the wireless base station to the cable modem(e.g., cable modem 1 104). To the extent that the wireless base stationutilizes different downlink buffers for different user equipmentdevices, the wireless base station provides information corresponding tothe aggregate size of the downlink buffers reserved for use for storingdata that is received from the cable modem (e.g., cable modem 1 104). Insome embodiments, the wireless base station buffer information includesa first downlink buffer size value expressed as an amount of time (e.g.,an amount of time it takes for the wireless base station downlink bufferto fill up to its capacity, i.e., all entries in the wireless basestation downlink become occupied). In some embodiments, the wirelessbase station buffer information includes a first uplink buffer sizevalue expressed as an amount of time (e.g., an amount of time it takesfor the wireless base station uplink buffer used for the cable modem tofill up to its capacity, i.e., all entries in the wireless base stationuplink buffer become occupied). Operation proceeds from step 1018 tostep 1020.

In step 1020, the cable modem receives the wireless base station bufferinformation. The cable modem stores the wireless base station bufferinformation in memory at the cable modem. Operation proceeds from step1020 via connection node A 1022 to step 1024 shown on FIG. 10B.

In step 1024, the cable modem creates a downlink data buffer in which tostore downlink data traffic that will be received from the CMTS by thecable modem for transmission to the wireless base station. Step 1024 insome embodiments includes one or more sub-steps 1026 and 1028.

In sub-step 1026, the cable modem creates the downlink data buffer usingthe CMTS buffer information (e.g., the CMTS downlink buffer size) and/orthe wireless base station buffer information (e.g., the wireless basestation downlink buffer size).

In sub-step 1028, the cable modem creates the downlink data buffer basedon the wireless base station downlink buffer size. The wireless basestation downlink buffer size information being included in the wirelessbase station buffer information.

Operation proceeds from step 1024 to step 1030. In step 1030, the cablemodem creates an uplink data buffer in which to store uplink datatraffic that will be received from the wireless base station by thecable modem for transmission to the cable modem termination system. Step1030 in some embodiments includes one or more sub-steps 1032 and 1034.

In sub-step 1032, the cable modem creates the uplink data buffer usingthe CMTS buffer information (e.g., the CMTS uplink buffer size) and/orthe wireless base station buffer information (e.g., the wireless basestation uplink buffer size).

In sub-step 1034, the cable modem creates the uplink data buffer basedon the wireless base station uplink buffer size. The wireless basestation uplink buffer size information being included in the wirelessbase station buffer information.

The cable modem in some embodiments uses the wireless base stationuplink buffer size to determine the cable modem uplink buffer size. Thecable modem uplink buffer in some embodiments is created from memory ofthe cable modem and is created to have a size equal to or greater thanthe wireless base station uplink buffer size. This allows the wirelessbase station to flush its uplink buffer if it is full after a period oftime when the cable modem has been in a power savings mode of operationand has not been accepting data. In various embodiments, the cable modemuplink buffer is also created to have a size that is smaller than theCMTS uplink buffer so that it can transmit all of its uplink data to theCMTS in a burst or at one time, i.e., flush the uplink buffer when thecable modem's uplink buffer is full.

The cable modem in some embodiments uses the CMTS downlink buffer sizeto determine the cable modem downlink buffer size. The cable modemdownlink buffer in some embodiments is created from memory of the cablemodem and is created to have a size equal to or greater than the CMTSdownlink buffer size. This allows the CMTS to flush its downlink bufferif it is full after a period of time when the cable modem has been in apower savings mode of operation and has not been accepting data. Invarious embodiments, the cable modem downlink buffer is also created tohave a size that is smaller than the wireless base station downlinkbuffer so that it can transmit all of its uplink data to the wirelessbase station in a burst or at one time, i.e., flush the downlink bufferwhen the cable modem's downlink buffer is full.

Operation proceeds from step 1030 to step 1036. In step 1036, the cablemodem determines the amount of power consumed by the cable modem totransmit the data from its downlink buffer to the wireless base stationwhen all entries of the downlink data buffer are fully occupied, i.e.,the downlink data buffer is full. Operation proceeds from step 1036 tostep 1038.

In step 1038, the cable modem determines the amount of power consumed bythe cable modem to transmit the data from its uplink buffer to thewireless base station when all entries of the uplink data buffer arefully occupied, i.e., the uplink data buffer is full. Operation proceedsfrom step 1038 to step 1040.

In step 1040, the cable modem reports to the CMTS and/or to the CMTSpower management device (e.g., CMTS power management device 152 ofsystem 100) the determined amount of power consumed by the cable modemto transmit the data from its uplink buffer to the CMTS when all entriesof the uplink buffer are full. In some embodiments, the CMTS powermanagement device 152 functionality as it relates to CMTS 1 122 isincorporated into the CMTS 1 122 in which case the power consumptioninformation is reported to the CMTS 1 122 by the cable modem 1 104.Operation proceeds from step 1040 to step 1042.

In step 1042, the cable modem reports to the CMTS and/or to the CMTSpower management device (e.g., CMTS power management device 152 ofsystem 100) the determined amount of power consumed by the cable modemto transmit the data from its downlink buffer to the wireless basestation when all entries of the downlink buffer are full. In someembodiments, the CMTS power management device 152 functionality as itrelates to CMTS 1 122 is incorporated into the CMTS 1 122 in which casethe power consumption information is reported to the CMTS 1 122 by thecable modem 1 104. Operation proceeds from step 1042 to step 1046 shownon FIG. 10C via connection node 1044.

In step 1046, user equipment devices connect to the wireless basestation and begin sending uplink data and requests for downlink data tothe wireless base station. Operation proceeds from step 1046 to step1048.

In step 1048, the wireless base station receives from the user equipmentdevices the uplink data and downlink data requests. Operation proceedsfrom step 1048 to step 1050.

In step 1050, the wireless base station stores the uplink data anddownlink data requests received from the user equipment devices in thewireless base station uplink data buffer. Operation proceeds from step1050 to step 1052.

In step 1052, when the wireless base station determines the wirelessbase station uplink buffer is full, the wireless base station transmitsthe full contents of the wireless base statin uplink buffer to the cablemodem. Operation proceeds from step 1052 to step 1054.

In step 1054, the cable modem while operating in a first mode ofoperation receives the uplink data and downlink data requests from thewireless base station. The first mode of operation is a non-powersavings mode of operation in which the cable modem has its transmittersand receivers in a powered up and active state for communicating withthe wireless base station and/or the CMTS. Operation proceeds from step1054 to step 1056.

In step 1056, the cable modem while operating in the first mode ofoperation receives stores the received uplink data and downlink datarequests from the wireless base station in the cable modem uplinkbuffer. Operation proceeds from step 1056 to step 1058. In step 1058,the cable modem while operating in the first mode of operation receivesdownlink data from the CMTS for transmission to the wireless basestation. Operation proceeds from step 1058 to step 1060.

In step 1060, the cable modem while operating in the first mode ofoperation stores the received downlink data from the CMTS in the cablemodem downlink buffer. Operation proceeds from step 1060 via connectionnode C 1062 to step 1064 shown on FIG. 10D.

In step 1064, while operating in the first mode of operation, the cablemodem monitors the amount of the entries in the cable modem uplinkbuffer which have been filled and the amount of entries in the cablemodem downlink buffer that have been filled. Operation proceeds fromstep 1064 to step 1066.

In step 1066, upon detecting by the cable modem that at least one of thefollowing has occurred: (i) the cable modem uplink buffer has met afirst threshold fill amount, or (ii) the cable modem downlink buffer hasmet a second threshold fill amount, the cable modem transmits all datain its uplink buffer to the CMTS and all data in its downlink buffer tothe wireless base station. Operation proceeds from step 1066 to step1068.

In step 1068, upon the cable modem transmitting all data in the downlinkbuffer to the wireless base station, the cable modem transmits a messageto the CMTS indicating that the CMTS is not to send data to the cablemodem. Operation proceeds from step 1068 to step 1070.

In step 1070, upon the cable modem transmitting all data in the uplinkbuffer to the CMTS, the cable modem transmits a message to the wirelessbase station indicating that the wireless base station is not to senddata to the cable modem. Operation proceeds from step 1070 to step 1072.

In step 1072, the cable modem switches from the first mode of operationto a second mode of operation. The second mode of operation is a powersaving mode of operation. Operation proceeds from step 1072 to step1074.

In step 1074, the cable modem while operating in the power savings modeof operation sets a power savings timer to a first timer value. Thefirst timer value being based on at least one of: (i) the CMTS bufferinformation (e.g., the CMTS buffer downlink size) or (ii) the wirelessbase station buffer information (e.g., wireless base station bufferuplink buffer size). In some embodiments step 1074 includes sub-step1076. In sub-step 1076, the cable modem sets the power savings timer toa first timer value. The first timer value being an amount of time equalto or less than the lesser of: (i) the CMTS downlink buffer sizeexpressed as an amount of time required to fill all entries of the CMTSdownlink buffer or portion of the CMTS downlink buffer reserved for usefor storing data to be sent to the cable modem and (ii) the wirelessbase station uplink buffer size expressed as an amount of time requiredto fill all entries of the wireless base station uplink buffer. Invarious embodiments, the cable modem determines a first timer valuewhich is less than the lesser of the CMTS downlink buffer size asexpressed as an amount of time to fill the CMTS downlink buffer and thewireless base station uplink buffer size expressed as an amount of timeto fill the wireless base station uplink buffer. In this way, neitherthe CMTS downlink buffer or the wireless base station uplink buffer willoverflow. Operation proceeds from step 1074 to step 1078.

In step 1078, the cable modem while operating in the power savings modeof operation deactivates and/or turns off power to one or more of itstransmitters and/or its receivers to reduce the cable modem's powerconsumption. In many embodiments, the cable modem turns off power to allof its transmitters and receivers to minimize power consumption.Operation proceeds from step 1078 to step 1082 shown on FIG. 10E viaconnection node D 1080.

In step 1082, upon passage of an amount of time equal to the first timervalue, the power savings timer causes the cable modem to switch from thepower savings mode of operation to the non-power savings mode ofoperation. In some embodiments, step 1082 includes sub-step 1084. Insub-step 1084, when the power savings timer expires, the power savingstimer causes the cable modem or a processor in the cable modem toexecute one or more instructions causing the cable modem to switch fromthe power saving mode of operation to the non-power savings mode ofoperation. Operation proceeds from step 1082 to step 1086.

In step 1086, after switching from the power saving mode of operation tothe non-power savings mode of operation, the cable modem re-activatesand/or turns on power to the receivers and/or transmitters it turned offand/or de-activated when the cable modem previously entered powersavings mode of operation (e.g., all of its receivers and transmittersare re-activated and/or have their power turned on). Operation proceedsfrom step 1086 to step 1088.

In step 1088, the cable modem notifies the wireless base station and theCMTS to begin sending data to the cable modem again. In some embodimentsstep 1088 includes one or more sub-steps 1090 and 1092. In sub-step1090, the cable modem transmits a message to the wireless base stationindicating that the wireless base station is to send data to the cablemodem as the cable modem is available to receive data from the wirelessbase station. In sub-step 1092, the cable modem transmits a message tothe CMTS indicating that the CMTS is to send data to the cable modem asthe cable modem is available to receive data from the CMTS. Operationproceeds from step 1088 via connection node E 1094 to step 1052 shown onFIG. 10C wherein the method continues on with the wireless base stationdetermining its uplink buffer is once again full, the wireless basestation transmits the full contents of the wireless base station uplinkbuffer to the cable modem.

While the process of management and reduction of power with respect to asingle cable modem has been described the process is implemented bynumerous cable modems under the control of the numerous CMTS. Forexample, cable modems 1 104, . . . , cable modem Y 114 of system 100 mayimplement the method 1000.

Various implementations and optional features of the invention will nowbe discussed. In various embodiments, the receiving and storage steps ofthe cable modem of data from the wireless base station and the CMTS areperformed independently and may be done in parallel, concurrently orsimultaneously. Similarly, the transmission of data from the cable modemto the wireless base station and CMTS may also be performed in parallel,concurrently or simultaneously.

In some embodiments, the wireless base station is part of a wirelessnetwork operated by a first service provider. In some embodiments, thecable modem is part of a cable network operated by the first serviceprovider. In some embodiments, the cable modem termination system ispart of the cable network operated by the first service provider. Insome embodiments, the wireless base station is a Citizens BroadbandService Device (CBSD) and the wireless network is a Citizens BroadbandRadio Service (CBRS) network. In most embodiments, the cable modem ispowered by the cable modem termination system. In some embodiments, thewireless base station is powered by the cable modem termination systemvia the cable modem.

In various embodiments, the power is provided by the cable modemtermination system to the cable modem using power over Ethernet; andwherein power is provided by the cable modem to the wireless basestation using power over Ethernet.

In at least some embodiments, the cable modem termination system bufferinformation includes a first downlink buffer size value expressed as anamount of time (e.g., an amount of time it takes for the cable modemtermination system downlink buffer for the cable modem to fill up to itscapacity); and the wireless base station buffer information includes afirst uplink buffer size value expressed as an amount of time (e.g., anamount of time it takes for the wireless base station uplink buffer tofill up to its capacity).

In some embodiments, the first threshold value is an amount wherein 100%of all buffer entries in the cable modem uplink buffer are occupied(i.e., the buffer is full). In some embodiments, the first thresholdvalue is an amount less than 100% of all buffer entries in the cablemodem uplink buffer being occupied. In some embodiments, the firstthreshold value is an amount wherein 95% of all buffer entries in thecable modem uplink buffer are occupied (i.e., 95% of the buffer'scapacity has been utilized—this case allows for some spare capacityshould it be necessary).

In some embodiments, the second threshold value is an amount wherein100% of all buffer entries in the cable modem downlink buffer areoccupied (i.e., the buffer is full). In some embodiments, the secondthreshold value is an amount less than 100% of all buffer entries in thecable modem uplink buffer being occupied (e.g., the buffer is full andreceipt of additional data will cause it to overflow). In someembodiments, the second threshold value is an amount wherein 95% of allbuffer entries in the cable modem uplink buffer are occupied (i.e., 95%of the buffer's capacity has been utilized—this case allows for somespare capacity should it be necessary).

In at least some embodiments, the first and second threshold values aredetermined by the cable modem through statistical analysis wherein thecable modem determines the first and second threshold value to optimizethe amount of time that the cable modem can stay in power savings modeover the course of a time period, e.g., an hour, day or week.

Various exemplary numbered embodiments illustrating different featuresof the present invention will now be discussed.

List of Exemplary Numbered Method Embodiments:

Method Embodiment 1. A communications method comprising: receiving, by acable modem positioned between a cable modem termination system and awireless base station, cable modem termination system bufferinformation; receiving, by the cable modem, wireless base station bufferinformation; switching, by the cable modem, from a first mode ofoperation to a second mode of operation after performing one or both of:(i) transmitting uplink data to the cable modem termination system, and(ii) transmitting downlink data to the wireless base station, saidsecond mode of operation being a power savings modem of operation;remaining in said power savings mode of operation for a first timeperiod, said first time period being based on at least one of said cablemodem termination system buffer information or said wireless basestation buffer information.

Method Embodiment 1A. The communications method of Method Embodiment 1,wherein the wireless base station is part of a wireless network operatedby a first service provider; wherein the cable modem is part of a cablenetwork operated by the first service provider; and wherein the cablemodem termination system is part of the cable network operated by thefirst service provider.

Method Embodiment 1AA. The communications method of Method Embodiment 1,wherein the wireless base station is a Citizens Broadband Service Device(CBSD) and the wireless network is a Citizens Broadband Radio Service(CBRS) network.

Method Embodiment 1B. The communications method of Method Embodiment 1,wherein the cable modem is powered by the cable modem terminationsystem.

Method Embodiment 1BB. The communications method of Method Embodiment1B, wherein the wireless base station is powered by the cable modemtermination system via the cable modem.

Method Embodiment 1C. The communications method of Method Embodiment 1,further comprising: receiving power by the cable modem from the cablemodem termination system over a first cable connecting the cable modemtermination system and the cable modem, said first cable also being usedfor communicating messages between the cable modem termination systemand the cable modem.

Method Embodiment 1CC. The communications method of Method Embodiment1C, further comprising: providing power by the cable modem to thewireless base station over a second cable connecting the cable modem tothe wireless base station, said second cable also being used forcommunicating messages between the cable modem and the wireless basestation.

Method Embodiment 1E. The communications method of Method Embodiment 1BBor 1CC, wherein power is provided by the cable modem termination systemto the cable modem using power over Ethernet; and wherein power isprovided by the cable modem to the wireless base station using powerover Ethernet.

Method Embodiment 2. The communications method of Method Embodiment 1,wherein the cable modem termination system buffer information includes afirst downlink buffer size value expressed as an amount of time (e.g.,an amount of time it takes for the cable modem termination systemdownlink buffer for the cable modem to fill up to its capacity); whereinthe wireless base station buffer information includes a first uplinkbuffer size value expressed as an amount of time (e.g., an amount oftime it takes for the wireless base station uplink buffer to fill up toits capacity).

Method Embodiment 3. The communications method of Method Embodiment 1further comprising: receiving, by the cable modem, while said cablemodem is in said first mode of operation downlink data from the cablemodem termination system; storing the received downlink data at thecable modem in a cable modem downlink buffer; receiving, by the cablemodem, while said cable mode is in said first mode of operation uplinkdata from the wireless base station; storing the received uplink data atthe cable modem in a cable modem uplink buffer; and waiting until atleast one of the following occurs: (i) the amount of data in the cablemodem uplink buffer reaches a first threshold value, or (ii) the amountof data in the cable modem downlink buffer reaches a second thresholdvalue, before transmitting either the stored downlink data or the storeduplink data.

Method Embodiment 3A. The communications method of Method Embodiment 3,wherein the first threshold value is an amount wherein 100% of allbuffer entries in the cable modem uplink buffer are occupied (i.e., thebuffer is full).

Method Embodiment 3AA. The communications method of Method Embodiment 3,wherein the first threshold value is an amount less than 100% of allbuffer entries in the cable modem uplink buffer being occupied.

Method Embodiment 3AAA. The communications method of Method Embodiment3, wherein the first threshold value is an amount wherein 95% of allbuffer entries in the cable modem uplink buffer are occupied (i.e., 95%of the buffer's capacity has been utilized—this case allows for somespare capacity should it be necessary).

Method Embodiment 3B. The communications method of Method Embodiment 3A,wherein the second threshold value is an amount wherein 100% of allbuffer entries in the cable modem downlink buffer are occupied (i.e.,the buffer is full).

Method Embodiment 3BB. The communications method of Method Embodiment3AA, wherein the second threshold value is an amount less than 100% ofall buffer entries in the cable modem uplink buffer being occupied(e.g., the buffer is full and receipt of additional data will cause itto overflow).

Method Embodiment 3BBB. The communications method of Method Embodiment3, wherein the second threshold value is an amount wherein 95% of allbuffer entries in the cable modem uplink buffer are occupied (i.e., 95%of the buffer's capacity has been utilized—this case allows for somespare capacity should it be necessary).

Method Embodiment 5. The communications method of Method Embodiment 1,further comprising: upon switching to said power savings mode ofoperation, turning off power by said cable modem to one or more cablemodem transmitters included in said cable modem.

Method Embodiment 6. The communications method of Method Embodiment 5,further comprising: upon switching to said power savings mode ofoperation, turning off power by said cable modem to one or more cablemodem receivers included in said cable modem.

Method Embodiment 6A. The communications method of Method Embodiment 6,wherein the switching, by the cable modem, from the first mode ofoperation to the second mode of operation occurs after performing bothof: (i) transmitting uplink data to the cable modem termination system,and (ii) transmitting downlink data to the wireless base station, saidsecond mode of operation being a power savings modem of operation.

Method Embodiment 6AA. The communications method of Method Embodiment6AA, wherein said turning off power by said cable modem to one or morecable modem transmitters included in said cable modem includes turningoff power to all transmitters included in said cable modem; wherein saidturning off power by said cable modem to one or more cable modemreceivers included in said cable modem includes turning off power to allreceivers included in said cable modem.

Method Embodiment 7. The communications method of Method Embodiment 6,further comprising: prior to turning off said one or more cable modemtransmitters, (i) transmitting by the cable modem a first message to thewireless base station indicating that data is not to be sent by thewireless base station to the cable modem; and (ii) transmitting a secondmessage to the cable modem termination system indicating that data isnot to be sent by the cable modem termination system to the cable modem.

Method Embodiment 8. The communications method of Method Embodiment 7,further comprising: after the cable modem has remained in the powersavings mode of operation for the first time period, switching by thecable modem from the power savings mode of operation back to the firstmode of operation.

Method Embodiment 8A. The communications method of Method Embodiment 8,further comprising: setting, by the cable modem, a power saving timer toexpire after a first time value equal to said first time period prior toor upon entering said power saving mode of operation.

Method Embodiment 8B. The communications method of Method Embodiment 8A,wherein the expiration of said power saving timer causes the cable modemto switch from said power saving mode of operation to the first mode ofoperation.

Method Embodiment 9. The communications method of Method Embodiment 8,further comprising: upon switching from power savings mode of operationto said first mode of operation, turning power on to: (i) the one ormore cable modem transmitters for which power was turned off, and (ii)the one or more cable mode receivers for which the power was turned off.

Method Embodiment 10. The communications method of Method Embodiment 9,further comprising: after turning on power to the one or moretransmitters and one or more receivers, transmitting a message to thecable modem termination system indicating the cable modem terminationsystem is to send data to the cable modem; after turning on power to theone or more transmitters and one or more receivers, transmitting amessage to the wireless base station indicating the wireless basestation is to send data to the cable modem.

Method Embodiment 11. The communications method of Method Embodiment 1,further comprising: determining, by the cable modem, the first timeperiod based on at least one of the wireless base station bufferinformation or the cable modem termination system buffer information.

Method Embodiment 11A. The communications method of Method Embodiment12, wherein said determining, by the cable modem, the first time periodbased on at least one of the wireless base station buffer information orthe cable modem termination system buffer information includes:determining, by the cable modem, the first time period to be less thanthe smaller of: (i) an amount of time for a wireless base station uplinkbuffer used for storing uplink data to be transmitted to the cable modemto fill up or reach its capacity or (ii) an amount of time for the cablemodem termination system downlink buffer used for storing downlink datato be transmitted to the cable modem to fill up or reach its capacity.

List of Exemplary Numbered Apparatus Embodiments:

Apparatus Embodiment 1. A cable modem comprising: a memory, said memoryincluding an uplink buffer and a downlink buffer; and a processor thatcontrols the cable modem to perform the following operations: receivingcable modem termination system buffer information, said cable modembeing positioned between a cable modem termination system and a wirelessbase station; receiving wireless base station buffer information;switching from a first mode of operation to a second mode of operationafter performing one or both of: (i) transmitting uplink data to thecable modem termination system, and (ii) transmitting downlink data tothe wireless base station, said second mode of operation being a powersavings modem of operation; remaining in said power savings mode ofoperation for a first time period, said first time period being based onat least one of said cable modem termination system buffer informationor said wireless base station buffer information.

Apparatus Embodiment 1A. The cable modem of Apparatus Embodiment 1,wherein the wireless base station is part of a wireless network operatedby a first service provider; wherein the cable modem is part of a cablenetwork operated by the first service provider; and wherein the cablemodem termination system is part of the cable network operated by thefirst service provider.

Apparatus Embodiment 1AA. The cable modem of Apparatus Embodiment 1,wherein the wireless base station is a Citizens Broadband Service Device(CBSD) and the wireless network is a Citizens Broadband Radio Service(CBRS) network.

Apparatus Embodiment 1B. The cable modem of Apparatus Embodiment 1,wherein the cable modem is powered by the cable modem terminationsystem.

Apparatus Embodiment 1BB. The cable mode of Apparatus Embodiment 1B,wherein the wireless base station is powered by the cable modemtermination system via the cable modem.

Apparatus Embodiment 1C. The cable modem of Apparatus Embodiment 1,wherein the processor further controls the cable modem to perform thefollowing additional operation: receiving power by the cable modem fromthe cable modem termination system over a first cable connecting thecable modem termination system and the cable modem, said first cablealso being used for communicating messages between the cable modemtermination system and the cable modem.

Apparatus Embodiment 1CC. The cable modem of Apparatus Embodiment 1C,wherein the processor further controls the cable modem to perform thefollowing additional operation: providing power by the cable modem tothe wireless base station over a second cable connecting the cable modemto the wireless base station, said second cable also being used forcommunicating messages between the cable modem and the wireless basestation.

Apparatus Embodiment 1E. The cable modem of Apparatus Embodiment 1BB or1CC, wherein power is provided by the cable modem termination system tothe cable modem using power over Ethernet; and wherein power is providedby the cable modem to the wireless base station using power overEthernet.

Apparatus Embodiment 2. The cable modem of Apparatus Embodiment 1,wherein the cable modem termination system buffer information includes afirst downlink buffer size value expressed as an amount of time (e.g.,an amount of time it takes for the cable modem termination systemdownlink buffer for the cable modem to fill up to its capacity); whereinthe wireless base station buffer information includes a first uplinkbuffer size value expressed as an amount of time (e.g., an amount oftime it takes for the wireless base station uplink buffer to fill up toits capacity).

Apparatus Embodiment 3. The cable modem of Apparatus Embodiment 1,wherein the processor further controls the cable modem to perform theadditional operations of: receiving, by the cable modem, while saidcable modem is in said first mode of operation downlink data from thecable modem termination system; storing the received downlink data atthe cable modem in a cable modem downlink buffer; receiving, by thecable modem, while said cable mode is in said first mode of operationuplink data from the wireless base station; storing the received uplinkdata at the cable modem in a cable modem uplink buffer; and waitinguntil at least one of the following occurs: (i) the amount of data inthe cable modem uplink buffer reaches a first threshold value, or (ii)the amount of data in the cable modem downlink buffer reaches a secondthreshold value, before transmitting either the stored downlink data orthe stored uplink data.

Apparatus Embodiment 3A. The cable modem of Apparatus Embodiment 3,wherein the first threshold value is an amount wherein 100% of allbuffer entries in the cable modem uplink buffer are occupied (i.e., thebuffer is full).

Apparatus Embodiment 3AA. The cable modem of Apparatus Embodiment 3,wherein the first threshold value is an amount less than 100% of allbuffer entries in the cable modem uplink buffer being occupied.

Apparatus Embodiment 3AAA. The cable modem of Apparatus Embodiment 3,wherein the first threshold value is an amount wherein 95% of all bufferentries in the cable modem uplink buffer are occupied (i.e., 95% of thebuffer's capacity has been utilized—this case allows for some sparecapacity should it be necessary).

Apparatus Embodiment 3B. The cable modem of Apparatus Embodiment 3A,wherein the second threshold value is an amount wherein 100% of allbuffer entries in the cable modem downlink buffer are occupied (i.e.,the buffer is full).

Apparatus Embodiment 3BB. The cable modem of Apparatus Embodiment 3AA,wherein the second threshold value is an amount less than 100% of allbuffer entries in the cable modem uplink buffer being occupied (e.g.,the buffer is full and receipt of additional data will cause it tooverflow).

Apparatus Embodiment 3BBB. The cable modem of Apparatus Embodiment 3,wherein the second threshold value is an amount wherein 95% of allbuffer entries in the cable modem uplink buffer are occupied (i.e., 95%of the buffer's capacity has been utilized—this case allows for somespare capacity should it be necessary).

Apparatus Embodiment 5. The cable modem of Apparatus Embodiment 1,wherein the processor further controls the cable modem to perform thefollowing additional operation upon switching to said power savings modeof operation: turning off power by said cable modem to one or more cablemodem transmitters included in said cable modem.

Apparatus Embodiment 6. The cable modem of Apparatus Embodiment 5,wherein the processor further controls the cable modem to perform thefollowing additional operation upon switching to said power savings modeof operation: turning off power by said cable modem to one or more cablemodem receivers included in said cable modem.

Apparatus Embodiment 6A. The cable modem of Apparatus Embodiment 6,wherein the switching, by the cable modem, from the first mode ofoperation to the second mode of operation occurs after performing bothof: (i) transmitting uplink data to the cable modem termination system,and (ii) transmitting downlink data to the wireless base station, saidsecond mode of operation being a power savings modem of operation.

Apparatus Embodiment 6AA. The cable modem of Apparatus Embodiment 6AA,wherein said turning off power by said cable modem to one or more cablemodem transmitters included in said cable modem includes turning offpower to all transmitters included in said cable modem; wherein saidturning off power by said cable modem to one or more cable modemreceivers included in said cable modem includes turning off power to allreceivers included in said cable modem.

Apparatus Embodiment 7. The cable modem of Apparatus Embodiment 6,wherein prior to turning off said one or more cable modem transmitters,the processor further controls the cable modem to perform the followingadditional operations: (i) transmitting by the cable modem a firstmessage to the wireless base station indicating that data is not to besent by the wireless base station to the cable modem; and (ii)transmitting a second message to the cable modem termination systemindicating that data is not to be sent by the cable modem terminationsystem to the cable modem.

Apparatus Embodiment 8. The cable modem of Apparatus Embodiment 7,wherein after the cable modem has remained in the power savings mode ofoperation for the first time period, the processor further controls thecable modem to perform the following additional operation: switching bythe cable modem from the power savings mode of operation back to thefirst mode of operation.

Apparatus Embodiment 8A. The cable modem of Apparatus Embodiment 8,wherein the processor further controls the cable modem to perform thefollowing additional operation: setting, by the cable modem, a powersaving timer to expire after a first time value equal to said first timeperiod prior to or upon entering said power saving mode of operation.

Apparatus Embodiment 8B. The cable modem of Apparatus Embodiment 8A,wherein the expiration of said power saving timer causes the cable modemto switch from said power saving mode of operation to the first mode ofoperation.

Apparatus Embodiment 9. The cable modem of Apparatus Embodiment 8,wherein the processor further controls the cable modem upon switchingfrom power savings mode of operation to said first mode of operation toperform the following additional operation: turning power on to: (i) theone or more cable modem transmitters for which power was turned off, and(ii) the one or more cable mode receivers for which the power was turnedoff.

Apparatus Embodiment 10. The cable modem of Apparatus Embodiment 9,wherein after turning on power to the one or more transmitters and oneor more receivers, the processor further controls the cable modem toperform the following additional operations: transmitting a message tothe cable modem termination system indicating the cable modemtermination system is to send data to the cable modem; and transmittinga message to the wireless base station indicating the wireless basestation is to send data to the cable modem.

Apparatus Embodiment 11. The cable modem of Apparatus Embodiment 1,wherein the processor further control the cable modem to perform thefollowing additional operation: determining, by the cable modem, thefirst time period based on at least one of the wireless base stationbuffer information or the cable modem termination system bufferinformation.

Apparatus Embodiment 11A. The cable modem of Apparatus Embodiment 12,wherein said determining, by the cable modem, the first time periodbased on at least one of the wireless base station buffer information orthe cable modem termination system buffer information includes:determining, by the cable modem, the first time period to be less thanthe smaller of: (i) an amount of time for a wireless base station uplinkbuffer used for storing uplink data to be transmitted to the cable modemto fill up or reach its capacity or (ii) an amount of time for the cablemodem termination system downlink buffer used for storing downlink datato be transmitted to the cable modem to fill up or reach its capacity.

List of Exemplary Numbered Non-transitory Computer Readable MediumEmbodiments

Non-transitory Computer Readable Medium Embodiment 1. A non-transitorycomputer readable medium including a first set of computer executableinstructions which when executed by a processor of a cable modem causethe cable modem to perform the steps of: receiving cable modemtermination system buffer information, said cable modem being positionedbetween a cable modem termination system and a wireless base station;receiving wireless base station buffer information; switching from afirst mode of operation to a second mode of operation after performingone or both of: (i) transmitting uplink data to the cable modemtermination system, and (ii) transmitting downlink data to the wirelessbase station, said second mode of operation being a power savings modemof operation; remaining in said power savings mode of operation for afirst time period, said first time period being based on at least one ofsaid cable termination system buffer information or said wireless basestation buffer information.

Non-transitory Computer Readable Medium Embodiment 2. The Non-transitoryComputer Readable Medium of Non-transitory Computer Readable MediumEmbodiment 1, wherein the cable modem is powered by the cable modemtermination system.

Non-transitory Computer Readable Medium Embodiment 3. The Non-transitoryComputer Readable Medium of Non-transitory Computer Readable MediumEmbodiment 2, wherein the wireless base station is powered by the cablemodem termination system via the cable modem.

The techniques of various embodiments may be implemented using software,hardware and/or a combination of software and hardware. Variousembodiments are directed to apparatus, e.g., cable modems, cable modemtermination systems, cable modem termination system power managementdevices, wireless base stations, wireless devices, mobile terminals,sensors, vehicles, user equipment, terminal, gNBs, CBSDs, CBRS towerbase stations, smart devices, vehicles, user equipment devices, userdevices, computers, smartphones, Spectrum Access Systems, ResourceAllocation Management Devices, subscriber devices, servers, nodes and/orelements. Various embodiments are also directed to methods, e.g., methodof controlling and/or operating cable modems, cable modem terminationsystems, cable modem termination system power management devices,wireless base stations, wireless devices, mobile terminals, sensors,vehicles, user equipment, terminal, gNBs, CBSDs, CBRS tower basestations, smart devices, vehicles, user equipment devices, user devices,computers, smartphones, Spectrum Access Systems, Resource AllocationManagement Devices, subscriber devices, servers, nodes and/or elements.Various embodiments are also directed to machine, e.g., computer,readable medium, e.g., ROM, RAM, CDs, hard discs, etc., which includemachine readable instructions for controlling a machine to implement oneor more steps of a method. The computer readable medium is, e.g.,non-transitory computer readable medium.

It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in theprocesses and methods disclosed is an example of exemplary approaches.Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific orderor hierarchy of steps in the processes and methods may be rearrangedwhile remaining within the scope of the present disclosure. Theaccompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in asample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order orhierarchy presented. In some embodiments, one or more processors areused to carry out one or more steps of the each of the describedmethods.

In various embodiments each of the steps or elements of a method areimplemented using one or more processors. In some embodiments, each ofelements or steps are implemented using hardware circuitry.

In various embodiments devices, e.g., cable modems, cable modemtermination systems, cable modem termination system power managementdevices, wireless base stations, wireless devices, mobile terminals,sensors, vehicles, user equipment, terminal, gNBs, CBSDs, CBRS towerbase stations, smart devices, vehicles, user equipment devices, userdevices, computers, smartphones, Spectrum Access Systems, ResourceAllocation Management Devices, subscriber devices, servers, nodes and/orelements described herein are implemented using one or more componentsto perform the steps corresponding to one or more methods, for example,generating or creating buffers, implementing timers, connections,message reception, message transmission, powering on and off receivers,transmitters, and or transceivers, buffering data, flushing data frombuffers, determining buffer sizes and amount of time for a buffer tofill to its capacity, signal processing, sending, comparing, determiningand/or transmission steps. Thus, in some embodiments various featuresare implemented using components or in some embodiments logic such asfor example logic circuits. Such components may be implemented usingsoftware, hardware or a combination of software and hardware. Many ofthe above described methods or method steps can be implemented usingmachine executable instructions, such as software, included in a machinereadable medium such as a memory device, e.g., RAM, floppy disk, etc. tocontrol a machine, e.g., general purpose computer with or withoutadditional hardware, to implement all or portions of the above describedmethods, e.g., in one or more devices, servers, nodes and/or elements.Accordingly, among other things, various embodiments are directed to amachine-readable medium, e.g., a non-transitory computer readablemedium, including machine executable instructions for causing a machine,e.g., processor and associated hardware, to perform one or more of thesteps of the above-described method(s). Some embodiments are directed toa device, e.g., a controller, including a processor configured toimplement one, multiple or all of the steps of one or more methods ofthe invention.

In some embodiments, the processor or processors, e.g., CPUs, of one ormore devices, e.g., cable modems, cable modem termination systems, cablemodem termination system power management devices, wireless basestations, wireless devices, mobile terminals, sensors, vehicles, userequipment, terminal, gNBs, CBSDs, CBRS tower base stations, smartdevices, vehicles, user equipment devices, user devices, computers,smartphones, Spectrum Access Systems, Resource Allocation ManagementDevices, subscriber devices, servers, nodes and/or elements areconfigured to perform the steps of the methods described as beingperformed by the cable modems, cable modem termination systems, cablemodem termination system power management devices, wireless basestations, wireless devices, mobile terminals, sensors, vehicles, userequipment, terminal, gNBs, CBSDs, CBRS tower base stations, smartdevices, vehicles, user equipment devices, user devices, computers,smartphones, Spectrum Access Systems, Resource Allocation ManagementDevices, subscriber devices, servers, nodes and/or elements. Theconfiguration of the processor may be achieved by using one or morecomponents, e.g., software components, to control processorconfiguration and/or by including hardware in the processor, e.g.,hardware components, to perform the recited steps and/or controlprocessor configuration. Accordingly, some but not all embodiments aredirected to a device, e.g., cable modems, cable modem terminationsystems, cable modem termination system power management devices,wireless base stations, wireless devices, mobile terminals, sensors,vehicles, user equipment, terminal, gNBs, CBSDs, CBRS tower basestations, smart devices, vehicles, user equipment devices, user devices,computers, smartphones, Spectrum Access Systems, Resource AllocationManagement Devices, subscriber devices, servers, nodes and/or elements,with a processor which includes a component corresponding to each of thesteps of the various described methods performed by the device in whichthe processor is included. In some but not all embodiments a device,e.g., cable modems, cable modem termination systems, cable modemtermination system power management devices, wireless base stations,wireless devices, mobile terminals, sensors, vehicles, user equipment,terminal, gNBs, CBSDs, CBRS tower base stations, smart devices,vehicles, user equipment devices, user devices, computers, smartphones,Spectrum Access Systems, Resource Allocation Management Devices,subscriber devices, servers, nodes and/or elements, includes acontroller corresponding to each of the steps of the various describedmethods performed by the device in which the processor is included. Thecomponents may be implemented using software and/or hardware.

Some embodiments are directed to a computer program product comprising acomputer-readable medium, e.g., a non-transitory computer-readablemedium, comprising code for causing a computer, or multiple computers,to implement various functions, steps, acts and/or operations, e.g., oneor more steps described above. Depending on the embodiment, the computerprogram product can, and sometimes does, include different code for eachstep to be performed. Thus, the computer program product may, andsometimes does, include code for each individual step of a method, e.g.,a method of controlling a device, e.g., cable modems, cable modemtermination systems, cable modem termination system power managementdevices, wireless base stations, wireless devices, mobile terminals,sensors, vehicles, user equipment, terminal, gNBs, CBSDs, CBRS towerbase stations, smart devices, vehicles, user equipment devices, userdevices, computers, smartphones, Spectrum Access Systems, ResourceAllocation Management Devices, subscriber devices, servers, nodes and/orelements, Session Management Function nodes/devices, subscriber devices,servers, nodes and/or elements. The code may be in the form of machine,e.g., computer, executable instructions stored on a computer-readablemedium, e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as a RAM(Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory) or other type of storagedevice. In addition to being directed to a computer program product,some embodiments are directed to a processor configured to implement oneor more of the various functions, steps, acts and/or operations of oneor more methods described above. Accordingly, some embodiments aredirected to a processor, e.g., CPU, configured to implement some or allof the steps of the methods described herein. The processor may be foruse in, e.g., a communications device such as a cable modems, cablemodem termination systems, cable modem termination system powermanagement devices, wireless base stations, wireless devices, mobileterminals, sensors, vehicles, user equipment, terminal, gNBs, CBSDs,CBRS tower base stations, smart devices, vehicles, user equipmentdevices, user devices, computers, smartphones, Spectrum Access Systems,Resource Allocation Management Devices, subscriber devices, servers,nodes and/or elements or other device described in the presentapplication.

Numerous additional variations on the methods and apparatus of thevarious embodiments described above will be apparent to those skilled inthe art in view of the above description. Such variations are to beconsidered within the scope. Numerous additional embodiments, within thescope of the present invention, will be apparent to those of ordinaryskill in the art in view of the above description and the claims whichfollow. Such variations are to be considered within the scope of theinvention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A communications method comprising: switching, bya cable modem positioned between a cable modem termination system and awireless base station, from a first mode of operation to a second modeof operation after performing one or both of: (i) transmitting uplinkdata to the cable modem termination system, and (ii) transmittingdownlink data to the wireless base station, said second mode ofoperation being a power savings mode of operation; and remaining in saidpower savings mode of operation for a first time period, said first timeperiod being based on at least one of cable modem termination systembuffer information or wireless base station buffer information.
 2. Thecommunications method of claim 1, wherein the cable modem terminationsystem buffer information includes a first downlink buffer size valueexpressed as an amount of time; and wherein the wireless base stationbuffer information includes a first uplink buffer size value expressedas an amount of time.
 3. The communications method of claim 1, furthercomprising: receiving, by the cable modem, while said cable modem is insaid first mode of operation, downlink data from the cable modemtermination system; storing the received downlink data at the cablemodem in a cable modem downlink buffer; receiving, by the cable modem,while said cable modem is in said first mode of operation uplink datafrom the wireless base station; storing the received uplink data at thecable modem in a cable modem uplink buffer; and waiting until at leastone of the following occurs: (i) the amount of data in the cable modemuplink buffer reaches a first threshold value, or (ii) the amount ofdata in the cable modem downlink buffer reaches a second thresholdvalue, before transmitting either the stored downlink data or the storeduplink data.
 4. The communications method of claim 1, furthercomprising: upon switching to said power savings mode of operation,turning off power, by said cable modem, to one or more cable modemtransmitters included in said cable modem.
 5. The communications methodof claim 4, further comprising: upon switching to said power savingsmode of operation, turning off power, by said cable modem, to one ormore cable modem receivers included in said cable modem.
 6. Thecommunications method of claim 5, further comprising: prior to turningoff power to said one or more cable modem transmitters, (i) transmittingby the cable modem a first message to the wireless base stationindicating that data is not to be sent by the wireless base station tothe cable modem; and (ii) transmitting a second message to the cablemodem termination system indicating that data is not to be sent by thecable modem termination system to the cable modem.
 7. The communicationsmethod of claim 6, further comprising: after the cable modem hasremained in the power savings mode of operation for the first timeperiod, switching by the cable modem from the power savings mode ofoperation back to the first mode of operation.
 8. The communicationsmethod of claim 7, further comprising: upon switching from the powersavings mode of operation to said first mode of operation, turning poweron to: (i) the one or more cable modem transmitters for which power wasturned off, and (ii) the one or more cable modem receivers for which thepower was turned off.
 9. The communications method of claim 8, furthercomprising: after turning on power to the one or more transmitters andone or more receivers, transmitting a message to the cable modemtermination system indicating the cable modem termination system is tosend data to the cable modem; and after turning on power to the one ormore transmitters and one or more receivers, transmitting a message tothe wireless base station indicating the wireless base station is tosend data to the cable modem.
 10. The communications method of claim 1,wherein the cable modem is powered by the cable modem terminationsystem; and wherein the wireless base station is powered by the cablemodem termination system via the cable modem.
 11. The communicationsmethod of claim 10, further comprising: receiving power by the cablemodem from the cable modem termination system over a first cableconnecting the cable modem termination system and the cable modem, saidfirst cable also being used for communicating messages between the cablemodem termination system and the cable modem.
 12. A cable modempositioned between a cable modem termination system and a wireless basestation, the cable modem comprising: memory, said memory including anuplink buffer and a downlink buffer; and a processor that controls thecable modem to perform the following operations: switching, the cablemodem, from a first mode of operation to a second mode of operationafter performing one or both of: (i) transmitting uplink data to thecable modem termination system, and (ii) transmitting downlink data tothe wireless base station, said second mode of operation being a powersavings mode of operation; and remaining in said power savings mode ofoperation for a first time period, said first time period being based onat least one of cable modem termination system buffer information orwireless base station buffer information.
 13. The cable modem of claim12, wherein the cable modem termination system buffer informationincludes a first downlink buffer size value expressed as an amount oftime; and wherein the wireless base station buffer information includesa first uplink buffer size value expressed as an amount of time.
 14. Thecable modem of claim 12, wherein the processor further controls thecable modem to perform the additional operations of: receiving, by thecable modem, while said cable modem is in said first mode of operationdownlink data from the cable modem termination system; storing thereceived downlink data at the cable modem in the downlink buffer;receiving, by the cable modem, while said cable modem is in said firstmode of operation uplink data from the wireless base station; storingthe received uplink data at the cable modem in the uplink buffer; andwaiting until at least one of the following occurs: (i) the amount ofdata in the uplink buffer reaches a first threshold value, or (ii) theamount of data in the downlink buffer reaches a second threshold value,before transmitting either the stored downlink data or the stored uplinkdata.
 15. The cable modem of claim 12, wherein the processor furthercontrols the cable modem to perform the following additional operationupon switching to said power savings mode of operation: turning offpower, by said cable modem, to one or more cable modem transmittersincluded in said cable modem.
 16. The cable modem of claim 15, whereinthe processor further controls the cable modem to perform the followingadditional operation upon switching to said power savings mode ofoperation: turning off power, by said cable modem, to one or more cablemodem receivers included in said cable modem.
 17. The cable modem ofclaim 16, wherein prior to turning off power to said one or more cablemodem transmitters, the processor further controls the cable modem toperform the following additional operations: (i) transmitting by thecable modem a first message to the wireless base station indicating thatdata is not to be sent by the wireless base station to the cable modem;and (ii) transmitting a second message to the cable modem terminationsystem indicating that data is not to be sent by the cable modemtermination system to the cable modem.
 18. The cable modem of claim 17,wherein after the cable modem has remained in the power savings mode ofoperation for the first time period, the processor further controls thecable modem to perform the following additional operation: switching bythe cable modem from the power savings mode of operation back to thefirst mode of operation.
 19. The cable modem of claim 18, wherein theprocessor further controls the cable modem upon switching from the powersavings mode of operation to said first mode of operation to perform thefollowing additional operation: turning power on to: (i) the one or morecable modem transmitters for which power was turned off, and (ii) theone or more cable modem receivers for which the power was turned off.20. A non-transitory computer readable medium including a first set ofcomputer executable instructions which when executed by a processor of acable modem positioned between a cable modem termination system and awireless base station cause the cable modem to perform the steps of:switching from a first mode of operation to a second mode of operationafter performing one or both of: (i) transmitting uplink data to thecable modem termination system, and (ii) transmitting downlink data tothe wireless base station, said second mode of operation being a powersavings mode of operation; and remaining in said power savings mode ofoperation for a first time period, said first time period being based onat least one of cable modem termination system buffer information orwireless base station buffer information.